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====Second conjugation====
====Second conjugation====
The second conjugation includes three slightly different patterns, as sound changes coalesced the latter three conjugations of Latin mostly into similar forms. The infinitive for all second conjugation verbs ends in ''-iri'', stressed for those that continue the 2nd and 4th Latin conjugations (← <small>-ĒRE, -IRE</small>) and unstressed for the others, continuing the 3rd conjugation of Latin (← <small>-ERE</small>).
The second conjugation includes verbs whose infinitive ends in stressed ''-iri'': it merges the Latin second and fourth conjugations (← <small>-ĒRE</small> and <small>-ĪRE</small>) as well as, due to influence of the first person singular of the present indicative, the reflexes of many third conjugation <small>-IŌ</small> verbs (like ''chafiu, chafiri'' from <small>CAPIŌ, CAPERE</small>) which have been reanalyzed into this conjugation, undergoing a stress change. The third person plural of the present indicative of original fourth conjugation verbs and the participles of second conjugation ones have then been altered by analogy (with original second and third conjugation forms respectively), creating this conjugation pattern.
 
three slightly different patterns, as sound changes coalesced the latter three conjugations of Latin mostly into similar forms. The infinitive for all second conjugation verbs ends in ''-iri'', stressed for those that continue the 2nd and 4th Latin conjugations (← <small>-ĒRE, -IRE</small>) and unstressed for the others, continuing the 3rd conjugation of Latin (← <small>-ERE</small>).
# The first pattern continues the second conjugation, and has ''-e-'' as the thematic vowel in the participles and ''-i-'' in the 1SG and 3PL present indicative inflections;
# The first pattern continues the second conjugation, and has ''-e-'' as the thematic vowel in the participles and ''-i-'' in the 1SG and 3PL present indicative inflections;
# The second pattern continues the third conjugation, and also has ''-e-'' as thematic vowel for the participles, but ''-u-'' in the 1SG and 3PL present indicative inflections;
# The second pattern continues the third conjugation, and also has ''-e-'' as thematic vowel for the participles, but ''-u-'' in the 1SG and 3PL present indicative inflections;
# The third pattern, continuing the fourth conjugation, always has ''-i-'' as thematic vowel in both participles and 1SG/3PL present indicative. Except for the present participle and the gerundive, it is identical to the first pattern.
# The third pattern, continuing the fourth conjugation, always has ''-i-'' as thematic vowel in both participles and 1SG/3PL present indicative. Except for the present participle and the gerundive, it is identical to the first pattern.


Few second conjugation verbs are completely regular, and some of them have a fifth principal part, namely the subjunctive present, whose stem has often being modified by diachronically regular palatalization of the last consonant in many verbs (as in ''sponxa'' (← <small>SPONDEAM</small>) for the verb ''spondiri'') or sporadic metaphony in a few others (as in ''cemba'' (← <small>CAMBIAM</small>) for the verb ''chambiri''). Most second conjugation verbs, furthermore, have a different stem in the perfect, usually inherited from Latin (cf. for the two verbs above ''spondi'' "I declare", ''spofondi'' "I declared" (← <small>SPONDEŌ</small>, <small>SPOPONDĪ</small>) and ''chambi'' "I change", ''chansi'' "I changed" (← <small>CAMBIŌ</small>, <small>CAMPSĪ</small>)). There are therefore two different possible exits for the 1SG and 3SG in the perfect, usually depending on how it was conjugated in Latin:
Most second (and third) conjugation verbs are not completely regular and have a different stem in the perfect, usually inherited from Latin (cf. for the two verbs above ''spondi'' "I declare", ''spofondi'' "I declared" (← <small>SPONDEŌ</small>, <small>SPOPONDĪ</small>) and ''chambi'' "I change", ''chansi'' "I changed" (← <small>CAMBIŌ</small>, <small>CAMPSĪ</small>)). There are therefore two different possible exits for the 1SG and 3SG in the perfect, usually depending on how it was conjugated in Latin:
# Latin perfects in <small>-ĒVĪ, -VĪ, -ĪVĪ</small>: ''-ei, -isti, -eil, -imu, -isti, -irunt''
# Latin perfects in <small>-ĒVĪ, -VĪ, -ĪVĪ</small>: ''-ei, -isti, -eil, -imu, -isti, -irunt''
# All other verbs: ''-i, -isti, -il, -imu, -isti, -irunt''
# All other verbs: ''-i, -isti, -il, -imu, -isti, -irunt''
Furthermore, the regular past participle for all second conjugation verbs is ''-iṭ'' (← <small>-ITUM</small>, <small>-ĪTUM</small>), but many verbs have irregular forms (such as ''spuns'' "promised" for ''spondiri''). The future participle for all verbs is formed by adding ''-ur'' to the past participle.


The regular past participle for all second conjugation verbs is ''-iṭ'' (← <small>-ITUM</small>, <small>-ĪTUM</small>), but many verbs have irregular forms. The future participle for all verbs is formed by adding ''-ur'' to the past participle.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Second conjugation (pattern 1), simple tenses: ''spondiri, spondi, spofondi, spuns(, sponxa)'' "to declare"
|+ Second conjugation (regular, ''-i'' past), simple tenses: ''diviri, divi, deubi, diviṭ'' "to have to"
|-
! rowspan=2 | Person !! colspan=4 | Indicative !! colspan=3 | Subjunctive !! rowspan=2 | Imperative
|-
! Present !! Imperfect !! Perfect !! Pluperfect !! Present !! Imperfect !! Future
|-
! 1SG
| div'''iu''' || div'''iva''' || deub'''i''' || deub'''iara''' || div'''ia''' || deub'''issi''' || deub'''iaru''' || —
|-
! 2SG
| div'''is''' || div'''ivos''' || deub'''isti''' || deub'''iaros''' || div'''ios''' || deub'''issis''' || deub'''iaris''' || div'''i'''
|-
! 3SG
| div'''il''' || div'''ival''' || deub'''il''' || deub'''iaral''' || div'''ial''' || deub'''issil''' || deub'''iaril''' || div'''ial'''
|-
! 1PL
| div'''imu''' || div'''ivomu''' || deub'''imu''' || deub'''eromu''' || div'''iomu''' || deub'''issimu''' ||  deub'''erimu''' || div'''iomu'''
|-
! 2PL
| div'''iṭi''' || div'''ivoṭi''' || deub'''isti''' || deub'''eroṭi''' || div'''ioṭi''' || deub'''issiṭi''' || deub'''eriṭi''' || div'''iṭi'''
|-
! 3PL
| div'''int''' || div'''ivant''' || deub'''irunt''' || deub'''iarant''' || div'''iant''' || deub'''issint''' || deub'''iarint''' || div'''iant'''
|-
! rowspan=2 | !! Pres. participle !! Past participle !! Future participle !! Gerundive !! Infinitive !! colspan=3 rowspan=2 |
|-
| div'''inti''' || div'''iṭ''' || div'''iṭur''' || div'''ind''' || div'''iri'''
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Second conjugation (regular, ''-ei'' past), simple tenses: ''durmiri, durmiu, durmei, durmiṭ'' "to sleep"
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | Person !! colspan=4 | Indicative !! colspan=3 | Subjunctive !! rowspan=2 | Imperative
! rowspan=2 | Person !! colspan=4 | Indicative !! colspan=3 | Subjunctive !! rowspan=2 | Imperative
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|-
|-
! 1SG
! 1SG
| spond'''i''' || spond'''iva''' || spofond'''i''' || spofond'''iara''' || sponx'''a''' || spofond'''issi''' || spofond'''iaru''' || —
| durm'''iu''' || durm'''iva''' || durm'''ei''' || durm'''iara''' || durm'''ia''' || durm'''issi''' || durm'''iaru''' || —
|-
|-
! 2SG
! 2SG
| spond'''is''' || spond'''ivos''' || spofond'''isti''' || spofond'''iaros''' || sponx'''os''' || spofond'''issis''' || spofond'''iaris''' || spond'''i'''
| durm'''is''' || durm'''ivos''' || durm'''isti''' || durm'''iaros''' || durm'''ios''' || durm'''issis''' || durm'''iaris''' || durm'''i'''
|-
|-
! 3SG
! 3SG
| spond'''il''' || spond'''ival''' || spofond'''il''' || spofond'''iaral''' || sponx'''al''' || spofond'''issil''' || spofond'''iaril''' || sponx'''al'''
| durm'''il''' || durm'''ival''' || durm'''eil''' || durm'''iaral''' || durm'''ial''' || durm'''issil''' || durm'''iaril''' || durm'''ial'''
|-
|-
! 1PL
! 1PL
| spond'''imu''' || spond'''ivomu''' || spofond'''imu''' || spofond'''eromu''' || sponx'''omu''' || spofond'''issimu''' ||  spofond'''erimu''' || sponx'''omu'''
| durm'''imu''' || durm'''ivomu''' || durm'''imu''' || durm'''eromu''' || durm'''iomu''' || durm'''issimu''' ||  durm'''erimu''' || durm'''iomu'''
|-
|-
! 2PL
! 2PL
| spond'''iṭi''' || spond'''ivoṭi''' || spofond'''isti''' || spofond'''eroṭi''' || sponx'''oṭi''' || spofond'''issiṭi''' || spofond'''eriṭi''' || spond'''iṭi'''
| durm'''iṭi''' || durm'''ivoṭi''' || durm'''isti''' || durm'''eroṭi''' || durm'''ioṭi''' || durm'''issiṭi''' || durm'''eriṭi''' || durm'''iṭi'''
|-
|-
! 3PL
! 3PL
| spond'''int''' || spond'''ivant''' || spofond'''irunt''' || spofond'''iarant''' || sponx'''ant''' || spofond'''issint''' || spofond'''iarint''' || sponx'''ant'''
| durm'''int''' || durm'''ivant''' || durm'''irunt''' || durm'''iarant''' || durm'''iant''' || durm'''issint''' || durm'''iarint''' || durm'''iant'''
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | !! Pres. participle !! Past participle !! Future participle !! Gerundive !! Infinitive !! colspan=3 rowspan=2 |
! rowspan=2 | !! Pres. participle !! Past participle !! Future participle !! Gerundive !! Infinitive !! colspan=3 rowspan=2 |
|-
|-
| spond'''enti''' || spuns || spuns'''ur''' || spond'''end''' || spond'''iri'''
| durm'''inti''' || durm'''iṭ''' || durm'''iṭur''' || durm'''ind''' || durm'''iri'''
|}
|}
====Third conjugation====
The Atlantic third conjugation corresponds to the majority of third conjugation verbs in Latin, and their infinitive ends in unstressed ''-iri'' (← <small>-ERE</small>). They are the least regular, with nearly every verb in the conjugation having an irregular perfect stem and an irregular past participle. Also, the only verbs with ''-ei'' perfects  Unlike other conjugations, the stress in first and second person plural forms is consistently on the stem in the tenses where the other persons are also stressed on the stem (present and past (first person only) indicative, present subjunctive, and the imperative); the distinctive first person form ''-umu'' likely arose due to the first vowel of the ending being a schwa which came to have the same quality of the following one.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Second conjugation (pattern 2), simple tenses: ''tangiri, tangu, tiṭigi, toit'' "to touch"
|+ Third conjugation (''-i'' past), simple tenses: ''tangiri, tangu, tiṭigi, toit'' "to touch"
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | Person !! colspan=4 | Indicative !! colspan=3 | Subjunctive !! rowspan=2 | Imperative
! rowspan=2 | Person !! colspan=4 | Indicative !! colspan=3 | Subjunctive !! rowspan=2 | Imperative
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|-
|-
! 1PL
! 1PL
| tang'''imu''' || tang'''ivomu''' || tiṭig'''imu''' || tiṭig'''eromu''' || tang'''omu''' || tiṭig'''issimu''' ||  tiṭig'''erimu''' || tang'''omu'''
| tang'''umu''' || tang'''ivomu''' || tiṭig'''imu''' || tiṭig'''eromu''' || tang'''omu''' || tiṭig'''issimu''' ||  tiṭig'''erimu''' || tang'''omu'''
|-
|-
! 2PL
! 2PL
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|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Second conjugation (pattern 3), simple tenses: ''chambiri, chambi, chansi, chambiṭ(, cemba)'' "to touch"
|+ Third conjugation (''-ei'' past), simple tenses: ''apeṭiri, apeṭu, apeṭei, apiṭiṭ'' "to attack, rush towards"
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | Person !! colspan=4 | Indicative !! colspan=3 | Subjunctive !! rowspan=2 | Imperative
! rowspan=2 | Person !! colspan=4 | Indicative !! colspan=3 | Subjunctive !! rowspan=2 | Imperative
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|-
|-
! 1SG
! 1SG
| chamb'''i''' || chamb'''iva''' || chans'''i''' || chanx'''ara''' || cemb'''a''' || chans'''issi''' || chanx'''aru''' || —
| apeṭ'''u''' || apiṭ'''iva''' || apeṭ'''ei''' || apiṭ'''iara''' || apeṭ'''a''' || apiṭ'''issi''' || apiṭ'''iaru''' || —
|-
|-
! 2SG
! 2SG
| chamb'''is''' || chamb'''ivos''' || chans'''isti''' || chanx'''aros''' || cemb'''os''' || chans'''issis''' || chanx'''aris''' || chamb'''i'''
| apeṭ'''is''' || apiṭ'''ivos''' || apiṭ'''isti''' || apiṭ'''iaros''' || apeṭ'''os''' || apiṭ'''issis''' || apiṭ'''iaris''' || apeṭ'''i'''
|-
|-
! 3SG
! 3SG
| chamb'''il''' || chamb'''ival''' || chans'''il''' || chanx'''aral''' || cemb'''al''' || chans'''issil''' || chanx'''aril''' || cemb'''al'''
| apeṭ'''il''' || apiṭ'''ival''' || apeṭ'''il''' || apiṭ'''iaral''' || apeṭ'''al''' || apiṭ'''issil''' || apiṭ'''iaril''' || apeṭ'''al'''
|-
|-
! 1PL
! 1PL
| chamb'''imu''' || chamb'''ivomu''' || chans'''imu''' || chans'''eromu''' || cemb'''omu''' || chans'''issimu''' ||  chans'''erimu''' || cemb'''omu'''
| apeṭ'''umu''' || apiṭ'''ivomu''' || apeṭ'''imu''' || apiṭ'''eromu''' || apeṭ'''omu''' || apiṭ'''issimu''' ||  apiṭ'''erimu''' || apeṭ'''omu'''
|-
|-
! 2PL
! 2PL
| chamb'''iṭi''' || chamb'''ivoṭi''' || chans'''isti''' || chans'''eroṭi''' || cemb'''oṭi''' || chans'''issiṭi''' || chans'''eriṭi''' || chamb'''iṭi'''
| apeṭ'''iṭi''' || apiṭ'''ivoṭi''' || apiṭ'''isti''' || apiṭ'''eroṭi''' || apeṭ'''oṭi''' || apiṭ'''issiṭi''' || apiṭ'''eriṭi''' || apeṭ'''iṭi'''
|-
|-
! 3PL
! 3PL
| chamb'''int''' || chamb'''ivant''' || chans'''irunt''' || chanx'''arant''' || cemb'''ant''' || chans'''issint''' || chanx'''arint''' || cemb'''ant'''
| apeṭ'''unt''' || apiṭ'''ivant''' || apeṭ'''irunt''' || apiṭ'''iarant''' || apeṭ'''ant''' || apiṭ'''issint''' || apiṭ'''iarint''' || apeṭ'''ant'''
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | !! Pres. participle !! Past participle !! Future participle !! Gerundive !! Infinitive !! colspan=3 rowspan=2 |
! rowspan=2 | !! Pres. participle !! Past participle !! Future participle !! Gerundive !! Infinitive !! colspan=3 rowspan=2 |
|-
|-
| chamb'''inti''' || chamb'''iṭ''' || chamb'''iṭur''' || chamb'''ind''' || chamb'''iri'''
| apiṭ'''enti''' || apiṭ'''iṭ''' || apiṭ'''iṭur''' || apiṭ'''end''' || apeṭ'''iri'''
|}
|}


The verb ''fairi'' (← <small>FACERE</small>), ''faxu, fixi, fait'' "to do, make" is a regular pattern 2 second conjugation verb, except for it having contracted forms in the infinitive and in the 2SG and 3SG indicative present; all other forms are regular. The same principle extends to the same forms of the verb ''voiri'' (← <small>VĀDERE</small>) "to go", however, it is irregular due to suppletion in other moods and tenses.
The verb ''fairi'' (← <small>FACERE</small>), ''faxu, fixi, fait'' "to do, make" is a regular third conjugation verb, except for it having contracted forms in the infinitive and in the 2SG and 3SG indicative present; all other forms are regular. The same principle extends to the same forms of the verb ''voiri'' (← <small>VĀDERE</small>) "to go", however, it is irregular due to suppletion in other moods and tenses.


Inchoative verbs all follow the second pattern, and their infinitive ends in unstressed ''-esciri'' {{IPA|[-ˈɛstɕiri]}}. Their past always has {{IPA|[-sk-]]}} (e.g. ''amesqui'' "I started to love", ''amesquisti'' "you started to love"), and their past participles are regular ''-esciṭ'', ''-esciṭur''. Most of them are derived by other verbs, but some have unique meanings (e.g. ''cunyussesciri'' "to meet someone for the first time", or locutions with impersonal verbs such as ''(tempora) hiviarnescunt'' "winter is starting" (lit. "times start to winter")).
Inchoative verbs are all third conjugation ones, and their infinitive ends in unstressed ''-esciri'' {{IPA|[-ˈɛstɕiri]}}. Their past always has {{IPA|[-sk-]]}} (e.g. ''amesqui'' "I started to love", ''amesquisti'' "you started to love"), and their past participles are regular ''-esciṭ'', ''-esciṭur''. Most of them are derived by other verbs, but some have unique meanings (e.g. ''cunyussesciri'' "to meet someone for the first time", or locutions with impersonal verbs such as ''(tempora) hiviarnescunt'' "winter is starting" (lit. "times start to winter")).


====To be (''siḍiri''), to have (''haviri''), and other irregular verbs====
====To be (''siḍiri''), to have (''haviri''), and other irregular verbs====
The verbs "to be" (''siḍiri'' ← <small>ASSIDĒRE</small>, most of the conjugation from <small>SUM</small>, parts from <small>FĪŌ</small>, participles also from <small>ASSIDEŌ</small>) and "to have" (''haviri'' ← <small>HABĒRE</small>) are irregular. The former is deeply suppletive (inheriting many irregularities from Latin); the latter is functionally a pattern 1 second conjugation verb with widespread irregularities due to contraction and analogy.
The verbs "to be" (''siḍiri'' ← <small>ASSIDĒRE</small>, most of the conjugation from <small>SUM</small>, parts from <small>FĪŌ</small>, participles also from <small>ASSIDEŌ</small>) and "to have" (''haviri'' ← <small>HABĒRE</small>) are irregular. The former is deeply suppletive (inheriting many irregularities from Latin); the latter is functionally a second conjugation verb with widespread irregularities due to contraction and analogy.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ "To be", simple tenses: ''siḍiri, sungu, fui, sis''
|+ "To be", simple tenses: ''siḍiri, sungu, fui, sis''
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| sist'''enti'''<br/>st'''onti''' || staṭ || staṭur || sist'''end'''<br/>st'''and''' || sist'''iri'''<br/>st'''ori'''
| sist'''enti'''<br/>st'''onti''' || staṭ || staṭur || sist'''end'''<br/>st'''and''' || sist'''iri'''<br/>st'''ori'''
|}
|}
The same ''-ngu'' form in the 1SG present indicative is also found as an alternate, less formal form for the second conjugation verb ''sciri'' "to know" (''scingu'' instead of more formal/written language ''sciu'').
The verb ''fiariri'' (to bring) has regular inflections (except for 2SG and 3SG present indicative and 2SG/2PL imperative), but is suppletive:
The verb ''fiariri'' (to bring) has regular inflections (except for 2SG and 3SG present indicative and 2SG/2PL imperative), but is suppletive:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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|-
|-
! 1PL
! 1PL
| fir'''imu''' || fir'''ivomu''' || tur'''imu''' || tur'''eromu''' || fir'''omu''' || tur'''issimu''' ||  tur'''erimu''' || fiar'''omu'''
| fiar'''umu''' || fir'''ivomu''' || tur'''imu''' || tur'''eromu''' || fiar'''omu''' || tur'''issimu''' ||  tur'''erimu''' || fiar'''omu'''
|-
|-
! 2PL
! 2PL
| fir'''iṭi''' || fir'''ivoṭi''' || tur'''isti''' || tur'''eroṭi''' || fir'''oṭi''' || tur'''issiṭi''' || tur'''eriṭi''' || fiarti
| fiar'''iṭi''' || fir'''ivoṭi''' || tur'''isti''' || tur'''eroṭi''' || fiar'''oṭi''' || tur'''issiṭi''' || tur'''eriṭi''' || fiarti
|-
|-
! 3PL
! 3PL
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|-
|-
| fir'''enti''' || loṭ || loṭ'''ur''' || fir'''end''' || fiar'''iri'''
| fir'''enti''' || loṭ || loṭ'''ur''' || fir'''end''' || fiar'''iri'''
|}
The verb ''meminiri'' (to remember) is the only perfect-present Latin verb which remains irregular in Atlantic by having mixed forms: the original, morphologically perfect forms remain in the first person singular and third person plural, while the other ones are rebuilt following the present of the third conjugation. It remains deponent with no synthetic past but with newly formed participles and infinitive.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ "To remember", simple tenses: ''meminiri, memini, ~, mimint''
|-
! rowspan=2 | Person !! colspan=4 | Indicative !! colspan=3 | Subjunctive !! rowspan=2 | Imperative
|-
! Present !! Imperfect !! Perfect !! Pluperfect !! Present !! Imperfect !! Future
|-
! 1SG
| memin'''i''' || mimin'''iva''' || mimint sungu || mimint iara || miminenti siu || mimint fussi || mimintur siu<br/>mimintur fiaru || —
|-
! 2SG
| memin'''is''' || mimin'''ivos''' || mimint iaris || mimint iaros || miminenti sis || mimint fussis || mimintur sis<br/>mimintur fiaris || —
|-
! 3SG
| memin'''il''' || mimin'''ival''' || mimint ê || mimint iaral || miminenti sil || mimint fussil || mimintur sil<br/>mimintur fiaril || —
|-
! 1PL
| memin'''umu''' || mimin'''ivomu''' || mimintus fimu || mimintus iromu || miminentis simu || mimintus fussimu ||  miminturus simu<br/>miminturus firimu || —
|-
! 2PL
| memin'''iṭi''' || mimin'''ivoṭi''' || mimintus fiṭi || mimintus iroṭi || miminentis siṭi || mimintus fussiṭi || miminturus siṭi<br/>miminturus firiṭi || —
|-
! 3PL
| memin'''irunt''' || mimin'''ivant''' || mimintus funt || mimintus iarant || miminentis sint || mimintus fussint || miminturus sint<br/>miminturus fiarint || —
|-
! rowspan=2 | !! Pres. participle !! Past participle !! Future participle !! Gerundive !! Infinitive !! colspan=3 rowspan=2 |
|-
| mimin'''enti''' || mimint || mimint'''ur''' || mimin'''end''' || memin'''iri'''
|}
|}
The verb ''oiri'' (to speak, say, tell) is an Atlantic innovation, suppletive as made from three Latin roots - <small>ĀIŌ, LOQUOR,</small> and <small>FOR</small>:
The verb ''oiri'' (to speak, say, tell) is an Atlantic innovation, suppletive as made from three Latin roots - <small>ĀIŌ, LOQUOR,</small> and <small>FOR</small>:
Line 1,074: Line 1,139:
|-
|-
! 1PL
! 1PL
| voḍ'''imu''' || '''ivomu''' || vos'''imu''' || i'''romu''' || j'''omu''' || '''issimu''' ||  i'''rimu''' || j'''omu'''
| voḍ'''umu''' || '''ivomu''' || vos'''imu''' || i'''romu''' || j'''omu''' || '''issimu''' ||  i'''rimu''' || j'''omu'''
|-
|-
! 2PL
! 2PL
Line 1,089: Line 1,154:
====Deponent verbs====
====Deponent verbs====
Deponent and defective verbs have been partially regularized, that is, they have been rendered true active verbs in the present and imperfect indicative and in the subjunctive, but only have analytic forms for the past and pluperfect. Therefore, they all look like Latin semi-deponent verbs.<br/>
Deponent and defective verbs have been partially regularized, that is, they have been rendered true active verbs in the present and imperfect indicative and in the subjunctive, but only have analytic forms for the past and pluperfect. Therefore, they all look like Latin semi-deponent verbs.<br/>
All deponent verbs in Atlantic are of the second pattern (unstressed) ''-iri'' verbs.
All deponent verbs in Atlantic are third conjugation verbs.


There are less deponent verbs than in Latin, but most of them are quite commonly used:
There are less deponent verbs than in Latin, but most of them are quite commonly used:
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