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Bźatga: Difference between revisions
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Additionally the letters ''î'' and ''û'' occur in diphthongs deriving from ''vi, *ji'' and ''*vu''; e.g. '' | Additionally the letters ''î'' and ''û'' occur in diphthongs deriving from ''vi, *ji'' and ''*vu''; e.g. ''noû, noî'' "holy" from **''novu, **novi''. The resulting diphthongs are identical in pronunciation to their unmarked counterparts and the convention is purely orthographic. | ||
Taken together the following letters may occur in Bźatga orthography: | Taken together the following letters may occur in Bźatga orthography: | ||
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*''d'' and ''t'' become ''ć'' and ''ǵ'' respectively, e.g. ''môde'' "soft", cpv. ''môǵu'' "softer". | *''d'' and ''t'' become ''ć'' and ''ǵ'' respectively, e.g. ''môde'' "soft", cpv. ''môǵu'' "softer". | ||
*''p, b'' and ''m'' are simply followed by the letter ''j'', e.g. ''caba'' "crooked", cpv. ''cabju'' "more crooked". | *''p, b'' and ''m'' are simply followed by the letter ''j'', e.g. ''caba'' "crooked", cpv. ''cabju'' "more crooked". | ||
*''v'' becomes ''j'', e.g. '' | *''v'' becomes ''j'', e.g. ''dovo'' "black", cpv. ''doju'' "blacker". | ||
====Palatalisation==== | ====Palatalisation==== | ||
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====Alternation of ''j/i'' and ''v/u''==== | ====Alternation of ''j/i'' and ''v/u''==== | ||
As stated above, there are six dipthongs in Bźatga: ''ai, ei, oi'' and ''au, eu, ou''. These are only permitted to occur before a consonant or at the end of a word. When any of these comes to occur before a vowel, the second element becomes ''j'' or ''v'' respectively, e.g. ''saide'' "(he) seeks" but ''saja'' "seek!". The same is true in reverse, so '' | As stated above, there are six dipthongs in Bźatga: ''ai, ei, oi'' and ''au, eu, ou''. These are only permitted to occur before a consonant or at the end of a word. When any of these comes to occur before a vowel, the second element becomes ''j'' or ''v'' respectively, e.g. ''saide'' "(he) seeks" but ''saja'' "seek!". The same is true in reverse, so ''dovo'' "black" becomes ''doudra'' "blackness". | ||
Because of this alternation, only ''a, e'' and ''o'' can usually occur before ''j'' and ''v''. In a few rare cases the combination ''iv'' occurs, which becomes ''jû'' before a consonant, e.g. ''ĺiva'' "colour" becomes ''ĺûleda'' "colourful, coloured". | Because of this alternation, only ''a, e'' and ''o'' can usually occur before ''j'' and ''v''. In a few rare cases the combination ''iv'' occurs, which becomes ''jû'' before a consonant, e.g. ''ĺiva'' "colour" becomes ''ĺûleda'' "colourful, coloured". | ||
Whenever the combinations ''**ji'' and ''*vu'' would occur as a result of inflexion or derivation, the consonant is lost and the remaining ''i'' or ''u'' forms a diphthong with the preceding vowel. The same occurs to the combination ''*ovi'', which becomes ''oî''. The second element of a diphthong formed in this way is marked by a caret, not to show a difference in pronunciation from the unmarked form, but to show the absence of the consonant. This process can clearly be seen in the declension of the adjective '' | Whenever the combinations ''**ji'' and ''*vu'' would occur as a result of inflexion or derivation, the consonant is lost and the remaining ''i'' or ''u'' forms a diphthong with the preceding vowel. The same occurs to the combination ''*ovi'', which becomes ''oî''. The second element of a diphthong formed in this way is marked by a caret, not to show a difference in pronunciation from the unmarked form, but to show the absence of the consonant. This process can clearly be seen in the declension of the adjective ''nova'' "holy": ''nova'' (NAsg), ''noû'' (GDsg, < *''novu''), ''noî'' (Pl, < *''novi''). Note also the change of ''*iji'' > ''î'' and ''*ivu, *iju'' > ''jû'' (e.g. ''bźija'' "power, status", GDsg. ''bźû'', pl. ''bźî''). | ||
====Alternation of ''l/ł''==== | ====Alternation of ''l/ł''==== | ||