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Aeranir: Difference between revisions
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[[w:Animacy|Animacy]] can play a major role in the meaning of a verb in the middle voice. Verbs with more animate subjects, such as people, animals, gods, etc., may be interpreted as more towards an active meaning, whilst less animate subjects, like inanimate objects or possessions, may be interpreted as more passive in meaning. | [[w:Animacy|Animacy]] can play a major role in the meaning of a verb in the middle voice. Verbs with more animate subjects, such as people, animals, gods, etc., may be interpreted as more towards an active meaning, whilst less animate subjects, like inanimate objects or possessions, may be interpreted as more passive in meaning. | ||
{{interlinear| number=1.a.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''augērur seus ars'' | {{interlinear| number=1.a.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''augērur seus ars'' |box=yes | ||
| aug -ērur se -us ar[d] -s | | aug -ērur se -us ar[d] -s | ||
| see -MID.3SG.T this -T.NOM.SG wumbo -NOM.SG | | see -MID.3SG.T this -T.NOM.SG wumbo -NOM.SG | ||
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|c1 = (''more animate'')}} | |c1 = (''more animate'')}} | ||
{{interlinear| number=1.b.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''augērra sea salva'' | {{interlinear| number=1.b.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''augērra sea salva'' |box=yes | ||
| aug -ērra se -a salv -a | | aug -ērra se -a salv -a | ||
|see -MID.3SG.C this -C.NOM.SG book -NOM.SG | |see -MID.3SG.C this -C.NOM.SG book -NOM.SG | ||
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Sometimes, it may have a '''reflexive''' meaning, or the sense of doing something for ones own benefit. | Sometimes, it may have a '''reflexive''' meaning, or the sense of doing something for ones own benefit. | ||
{{interlinear| number=2.a.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''nimēsciȥ vominīs'' | {{interlinear| number=2.a.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''nimēsciȥ vominīs'' |box=yes | ||
| nimēsc -iȥ vomin -īs | | nimēsc -iȥ vomin -īs | ||
|wash -ACT.1SG river -LOC.SG | |wash -ACT.1SG river -LOC.SG | ||
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|c1 = (''active voice'')}} | |c1 = (''active voice'')}} | ||
{{interlinear| number=2.b.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''nimēscor vominīs'' | {{interlinear| number=2.b.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''nimēscor vominīs'' |box=yes | ||
| nimēsc -'''or''' vomin -īs | | nimēsc -'''or''' vomin -īs | ||
|wash -'''MID.1SG''' river -LOC.SG | |wash -'''MID.1SG''' river -LOC.SG | ||
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|c1 = (''middle voice'')}} | |c1 = (''middle voice'')}} | ||
{{interlinear| number=3.a.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''hastidēs oscus abrun'' | {{interlinear| number=3.a.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''hastidēs oscus abrun'' |box=yes | ||
| hastid -ēs osc -us abr -un | | hastid -ēs osc -us abr -un | ||
|sacrifice -ACT.3SG.T Oscus -NOM.SG fish -ACC.SG | |sacrifice -ACT.3SG.T Oscus -NOM.SG fish -ACC.SG | ||
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|c1 = (''active voice'')}} | |c1 = (''active voice'')}} | ||
{{interlinear| number=3.b.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''hastidērur oscus abrōrun'' | {{interlinear| number=3.b.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''hastidērur oscus abrōrun'' |box=yes | ||
| hastid -'''ērur''' osc -us abr -ōrun | | hastid -'''ērur''' osc -us abr -ōrun | ||
|sacrifice -'''MID.3SG.T''' Oscus -NOM.SG fish -INSTR.SG | |sacrifice -'''MID.3SG.T''' Oscus -NOM.SG fish -INSTR.SG | ||
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Another important use of the middle voice is the '''experiential middle voice'''. When used with sensory verbs the middle voice may be used to differentiate experiential, nonvolitional sensation (''see, hear, smell, feel, know, etc.''), as opposed to active, volitional sensation (''look, listen, sniff, touch, understand, etc.'') Often times, the object of the sensory verb will be expressed using an oblique case, usually the ablative. | Another important use of the middle voice is the '''experiential middle voice'''. When used with sensory verbs the middle voice may be used to differentiate experiential, nonvolitional sensation (''see, hear, smell, feel, know, etc.''), as opposed to active, volitional sensation (''look, listen, sniff, touch, understand, etc.'') Often times, the object of the sensory verb will be expressed using an oblique case, usually the ablative. | ||
{{interlinear| number=4.a.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''īdēste ponun garīnī gellē'' | {{interlinear| number=4.a.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''īdēste ponun garīnī gellē'' |box=yes | ||
| īd -ēs <nowiki>=</nowiki>te pon -un garīn -ī gellē | | īd -ēs <nowiki>=</nowiki>te pon -un garīn -ī gellē | ||
|hear/listen -ACT.3SG.T <nowiki>=</nowiki>1SG.NOM voice -ACC.SG friend -GEN.SG happily | |hear/listen -ACT.3SG.T <nowiki>=</nowiki>1SG.NOM voice -ACC.SG friend -GEN.SG happily | ||
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|c1 = (''active voice'')}} | |c1 = (''active voice'')}} | ||
{{interlinear| number=4.b.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''īdeor ponā garīnī gellē'' | {{interlinear| number=4.b.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''īdeor ponā garīnī gellē'' |box=yes | ||
| īd -'''eor''' pon -ā garīn -ī gellē | | īd -'''eor''' pon -ā garīn -ī gellē | ||
|hear/listen -'''MID.1SG''' voice -ABL.SG friend -GEN.SG happily | |hear/listen -'''MID.1SG''' voice -ABL.SG friend -GEN.SG happily | ||
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The middle voice may also be used with a variety of verbal compliments—usually adverbs—which describe the quality of the subject, or the result of the action. Often times such constructions may be expressed in English as ''adjective to verb'', e.g. 'easy to love'. | The middle voice may also be used with a variety of verbal compliments—usually adverbs—which describe the quality of the subject, or the result of the action. Often times such constructions may be expressed in English as ''adjective to verb'', e.g. 'easy to love'. | ||
{{interlinear| number=5.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top='''''qurrerra''' salva gēs collēgta aplīdiāna iūs'' | {{interlinear| number=5.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top='''''qurrerra''' salva gēs collēgta aplīdiāna iūs'' |box=yes | ||
| '''qurr''' '''-erra''' salv -a g -ēs collēg -t- -a aplīdiān -a iūs | | '''qurr''' '''-erra''' salv -a g -ēs collēg -t- -a aplīdiān -a iūs | ||
| '''read''' '''-MID.3SG.C''' book -NOM.SG matters -NOM.SG gather -PFV.PTCP- -C.NOM.SG of_Avrid -C.NOM.SG well | | '''read''' '''-MID.3SG.C''' book -NOM.SG matters -NOM.SG gather -PFV.PTCP- -C.NOM.SG of_Avrid -C.NOM.SG well | ||
|'The book "Collected Matters of Avrid" is a good '''read'''' (lit. '~'''reads''' well')}} | |'The book "Collected Matters of Avrid" is a good '''read'''' (lit. '~'''reads''' well')}} | ||
{{interlinear| number=6.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top='''''tetuere''' tīn īvīs motīs vantīs nedagtun satun iūs'' | {{interlinear| number=6.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top='''''tetuere''' tīn īvīs motīs vantīs nedagtun satun iūs'' |box=yes | ||
| '''tet''' '''-uere''' tīn -Ø ī -vīs mot -īs v -ant- -īs ne<nowiki>=</nowiki> dag -t- -un sa -t- -un iūs | | '''tet''' '''-uere''' tīn -Ø ī -vīs mot -īs v -ant- -īs ne<nowiki>=</nowiki> dag -t- -un sa -t- -un iūs | ||
| '''drink''' '''-PFV.MID.3SG.E''' tea -NOM.SG 1PL.PRO -DAT place -LOC.SG go -IPFV.PTCP- -T.LOC.SG 2SG<nowiki>=</nowiki> make -PFV.PTCP- -E.NOM.SG pour -PFV.PTCP- -E.NOM.SG well | | '''drink''' '''-PFV.MID.3SG.E''' tea -NOM.SG 1PL.PRO -DAT place -LOC.SG go -IPFV.PTCP- -T.LOC.SG 2SG<nowiki>=</nowiki> make -PFV.PTCP- -E.NOM.SG pour -PFV.PTCP- -E.NOM.SG well | ||