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Proto-Rathmosian: Difference between revisions
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===Aspect=== | ===Aspect=== | ||
Verbals aspects may be conjugational or derivational. | |||
* The primary root is '''imperfective''', describing ongoing actions, e.g. ''ker-'' " | |||
* The lengthened root is '''perfective''', describing completed actions, e.g. ''keer-'' "ruled", ''faal-'' "slept". | ====Conjugational Aspects==== | ||
* The reduplicated root | These are formed from the root alone and convey the primary aspect distinction between imperfective (incomplete) and perfective (complete) actions or states. These aspects can generally be applied to any verb, with some semantic restrictions. | ||
* The addition of ''-t-'' to the root creates the ''' | |||
* The primary root is '''imperfective''', describing ongoing or incomplete actions/states, e.g. ''ker-'' "ruling", ''fal-'' "sleeping". | |||
* The lengthened root is '''perfective''', describing completed actions/states, e.g. ''keer-'' "ruled", ''faal-'' "slept". | |||
====Derivational Aspects=== | |||
These are generally formed with affixes attached to the root and often alter the semantics of a verb. They may be used in conjunction with the conjugational aspects. | |||
* The reduplicated root marks the '''frequentative''' aspect, usually describing actions characterised by rapid repetition and often used to diminish the intensity of states or actions e.g. ''fafl-'' "sleeps fitfully", ''dedərh-'' "is somewhat red". | |||
* The addition of ''-t-'' to the root creates the '''habitual''' aspect, describing actions that are regularly carried out or states that are regularly attained, sometimes shading towards a gnomic meaning, e.g. ''kert-'' "rules (often)", ''falt-'' "sleeps (often)", ''dreht-'' "is red". | |||
* The addition of ''-n-'' to the root creates the '''inchoative''' aspect, describing the beginning of actions or 'becoming' a state, e.g. ''kern-'' "begin to rule", ''faln-'' "fall asleep". | * The addition of ''-n-'' to the root creates the '''inchoative''' aspect, describing the beginning of actions or 'becoming' a state, e.g. ''kern-'' "begin to rule", ''faln-'' "fall asleep". | ||
* The addition of ''-ban-'' creates the '''terminative''' aspect, describing the end of actions or states, e.g. ''kerban-'' "ceased to rule", ''falban-'' "woke up". | |||
* The addition of ''-tsat-'' to the root creates the '''intensitive''' aspect, describing more severe forms of the action or state, e.g. ''kertsat-'' "tyrranise, subjugate", ''faltsat-'' "sleep deeply". After plosives, the affix is ''-sat-'', e.g. ''kuksat-'' "gorges". | * The addition of ''-tsat-'' to the root creates the '''intensitive''' aspect, describing more severe forms of the action or state, e.g. ''kertsat-'' "tyrranise, subjugate", ''faltsat-'' "sleep deeply". After plosives, the affix is ''-sat-'', e.g. ''kuksat-'' "gorges". | ||