Eighth edition lekma: Difference between revisions

     Ekma is a constructed language designed to low probability of grammatical errors. Autonym is lekmae /ˈɰekmɐ/ which is also spelt ekma/ekm. It saw to a written laguage for spoken language of another world, parallel to this world. That known through tracing of transliteration of their writing system was, actually is a collection of about a thousand of invariable words.

     It basically preferred SV, CV, AN, VOS, CVC syllable, that are subject-intransitive/self causative verb alignment, complement/condition-main verb alignment, adjective-noun alignment, transitive verb-object-subjective theme alignment, any single consonant out of /ɰ ɥ ŋ k d f t͡s ɕ ʂ b n m/-any vowel out of /ä ɐ̯ä äɐ̯ äu̯ ɐ e u̯e ei̯ ii̯ i̯u o u̯o ou̯ i̯o oi̯ uu̯ u̯i/-any consonant out of /ɰ ɥ ŋ k d f t͡s ɕ ʂ b n m/. Each word has type, either of noun, adjective, adverb, verb, each category shares their minimal length of time, nouns for long, adjectives for semi long, adverbs for semi short, verbs for short.

     There are listed as to descriptions on phonemes, firstly phoneme, secondly grapheme, thirdly approved allophonemes, finaly usual realisation of the phoneme which degrees may vary. ɰ, l written before any vowel that also where zero consonant is, ɦ ʔ ɰ, ɰ it presents between vowels which lose phonemic value in other situations. ä, a, ɐ ä, ä. ɐ̯ä, à, ɐ̯ä e̯ä, e̯ä. äɐ̯, á/ä, äɐ̯ äː äi̯, äi̯. äu̯, ê, ɐu̯ ʌu̯ äu̯, äu̯. ɐ, ae, ɐ, ɐ. e, e, ɪ ɐ e, e. u̯e è, ø u̯e, u̯e. ei̯, é, ɛ eː ei̯, ei̯. ii̯, i, ii̯ iː i, i. i̯u, u, i̯u i̯y y, y. o, o, ʊ o, o. u̯o, ò, u̯ʌ u̯o, u̯o. ou̯, ó, ɔ oː ou̯, ou̯. i̯o, io, i̯o, i̯o. oi̯, ö, u̯ei̯ u̯eʏ̯ øʏ̯ oi̯ øi̯, øi̯. uu̯, v, uu̯ uː u, u. u̯i, ui, ɯ u̯i ɨ, ɨ. ɥ, l written before any consonant letter, ɥ̥ jʷ ɥ, ɥ. ŋ, h, ŋ̥ ŋ ɳ, ɳ. k, k, x q k, k. d, d/t, d̥ t d, t. f, f, ʋ f, f. t͡s, z, t͡s z s̪, s̪. ɕ, s, ɬ ɕ s, s. ʂ, ç, ʂ t͡ʂ, t͡ʂ. b, b, b̥ p b, b. n, n, n̥ ɲ n, n. m, m, m̥ m, m. Descriptions on writings are about graphemes.

{| !! c` !!!! ç ! v ( For some of at C1 ave second conditioned byä e̯ä ɐ e ei̯ i̯e äu̯ ii̯ i̯y o ou̯ u̯o u̯e i̯o uu̯ øi̯/ colu of V , ɡ /l,  Cs at C1 have allohones. /,  // / nants at C3 hav allohoes. /bt, ʔ/ lid combiationels sy side  si, somee: œʏ̯/ ch morphemjet moverb.  uit or xlt, shiermins wh Glossing abbreviations, .0 zero morpheme. 1 first person. 2 second person. 3 third person. .acc accusative. a adjective. adn adnoun. adv adverbial. caus causative verb. .com comitative. dat dative, self causative. dem demonstrative, relative, interrogative. .dim diminutive. .inst instrumental, condition. .neg negative. n noun. lat lative. .loc locative. obj objective, any complement of verb where a motion towards. pt particle. ste stem. s subject, any complement of verb where a motion originates, possessive. agent agentive noun of transitive verb. ss same subject. v verb. .vi intransitive verb. .vt transitive verb. .t theme, vocative, topic. .vol volitive. Features: CV(C). (C)V(C) if it is a morpheme. hypothised features: A let. Words written in a letter are verbs. Written in two, prowords. Written in three if it ends in 'n' etc, words of two letter + a morpheme. Written in three letters, any other, mostly nouns. Written in four, second may be a douplication of the first syllable, onomatopeias.

  |}

  t (/t/) allograph of d, whether d or t is depend on words. selftransitive verb

  z (/s̪/) towards it

  u (/y/) to there

  i (/i/) object of verb

í (/i̯/) object

  s (/s/) subject of verb

  h (/ɳ/) done by it (unlimited to perfective)

  l (/ɰ/) (free space)

l (/ɥ/) (space)

  ç (/t͡ʂ/) (free space)

  v (/u/) (free space)

ú (/u̯/) (space)

  ´ It prolongs the attached phoneme regardless of category. It indicates intonation. Musically high at every beginning of a phrase, rest of the phrase lose original accent.