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Pulqer: Difference between revisions
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→Non-Finite Forms
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====Non-Finite Forms==== | ====Non-Finite Forms==== | ||
As described above, the | As described above, the '''infinitive''' is formed in all cases by the stem + the thematic vowel + ''-l''. | ||
The past participle is formed in the same way for ''E'' and ''I'' verbs, replacing ''l'' with ''t'', e.g. ''amet'' "loved", ''katit'' "fallen". | The '''past participle''' is formed in the same way for ''E'' and ''I'' verbs, replacing ''l'' with ''t'', e.g. ''amet'' "loved", ''katit'' "fallen". | ||
''Y'' verbs add ''-t'' directly to the stem, causing the following changes: | ''Y'' verbs add ''-t'' directly to the stem, causing the following changes: | ||
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* Stem-final ''t'' merges to become ''(t)s'', e.g. ''krat-t- > kras'' "closed", ''tient-t- > tients'' | * Stem-final ''t'' merges to become ''(t)s'', e.g. ''krat-t- > kras'' "closed", ''tient-t- > tients'' | ||
The present participle is formed by ''-ant'' in the ''E'' verbs and by ''-ent'' everywhere else. | The '''present participle''' is formed by ''-ant'' in the ''E'' verbs and by ''-ent'' everywhere else. | ||
====Finite Forms==== | |||
Conjugated verb forms for regular verbs are limited in extent and usage, most verb tenses being created through periphrasis. | |||
Verbs are conjugated by tense, mood and number but not by person, so all conjugated regular verbs require an overt subject unless context implies the subject. The conjugated tenses are formed agglutinatively with the verb stem + tense/mood suffix + number ending. | |||
The number endings are -Ø for singular and ''-n'' for plural. | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 100px" | Mood | |||
! style="width: 100px" | Tense | |||
! style="width: 100px" | E-Verbs | |||
! style="width: 100px" | I-Verbs | |||
! style="width: 100px" | Y-Verbs | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2;" | Indicative | |||
! Present | |||
| -Ø (sg.) <br> ''-an'' (pl.) | |||
| -Ø (sg.) <br> ''-en'' (pl.) | |||
| -Ø (sg.) <br> ''-un'' (pl.) | |||
|- | |||
! Past | |||
| -''ep'' (sg.) <br> ''-epan'' (pl.) | |||
| -''ip'' (sg.) <br> ''-ipan'' (pl.) | |||
| -''ip'' (sg.) <br> ''-ipan'' (pl.) | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2;" | Subjunctive | |||
! Present | |||
| -''er'' (sg.) <br> ''-eren'' (pl.) | |||
| ''-ir'' (sg.) <br> ''-iren'' (pl.) | |||
| -''yr'' (sg.) <br> ''-(y)ren'' (pl.) | |||
|- | |||
! Past | |||
| -''as'' (sg.) <br> ''-asen'' (pl.) | |||
| -''is'' (sg.) <br> ''-isen'' (pl.) | |||
| -''is'' (sg.) <br> ''-isen'' (pl.) | |||
|} | |||
====Personal Endings==== | ====Personal Endings==== | ||