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Pulqer: Difference between revisions
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→Indefinite Adjectives
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* ''su metis'' "the same" can occur before nouns as a determiner, e.g. ''su metis atyn'' "the same man" | * ''su metis'' "the same" can occur before nouns as a determiner, e.g. ''su metis atyn'' "the same man" | ||
===Verbs=== | |||
Verbs fall into one of three classes, categorised by their thematic vowel, found in the infinitive: | |||
* '''''E'' verbs''' have an infinitive in ''-el'', e.g. ''amel'' "to love, ''stel'' "to be", ''kantel'' "to sing" | |||
* '''''I'' verbs''' have an infinitive in''-il'', e.g. ''lukil'' "to grieve", ''katil'' "fall", ''itnil'' "to light" | |||
* '''''Y'' verbs''' have an infinitive in ''-yl'', e.g. ''nakyl'' "to injure", ''arityl'' "to laugh", ''eśyl'' "to be". | |||
Verbal stems are taken from the infinitive by removing the ending ''-el, -il, -yl'', except in certain irregular cases (e.g. ''eśyl''). | |||
====Non-Finite Forms==== | |||
As described above, the verb infinitive is formed in all cases by the thematic vowel + ''-l''. | |||
The past participle is formed in the same way for ''E'' and ''I'' verbs, replacing ''l'' with ''t'', e.g. ''amet'' "loved", ''katit'' "fallen". | |||
''Y'' verbs add ''-t'' directly to the stem, causing the following changes: | |||
* Stem-final ''p, k'' are lost, e.g. ''arek-t- > aret'' "ruled", ''pip-t- > pit'' "drank" | |||
* Stem-final ''t'' merges to become ''(t)s'', e.g. ''krat-t- > kras'' "closed", ''tient-t- > tients'' | |||
The present participle is formed by ''-ant'' in the ''E'' verbs and by ''-ent'' everywhere else. | |||
====Personal Endings==== | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 100px" rowspan="2;" | | |||
! colspan="2;" | Indicative | |||
! colspan="2;" | Subjunctive | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 100px" | Present | |||
! style="width: 100px" | | |||
! style="width: 100px" | Present | |||
! style="width: 100px" | | |||
|- | |||
! 1s | |||
| ''su'' | |||
| | |||
| ''si'' | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! 2s | |||
| ''se'' | |||
| | |||
| ''si'' | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! 3s | |||
| ''seśt'' | |||
| | |||
| ''sit'' | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! 1p | |||
| ''sum'' | |||
| | |||
| ''sim'' | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! 2p | |||
| ''set'' | |||
| | |||
| ''sit'' | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! 3p | |||
| ''sunt'' | |||
| | |||
| ''sint'' | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
==Derivation== | ==Derivation== | ||