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=== Noun Classes === | === Noun Classes === | ||
Nouns are divided into three classes based on the syllabic pattern of the final syllable of the noun. The Class I nouns (also known as “Strong Stem” nouns) are those whose Absolutive forms end in a single consonant, or a short vowel. Additions of a short-vowel clitic do not change the noun stem's final vowel | Nouns are divided into three classes based on the syllabic pattern of the final syllable of the noun. The Class I nouns (also known as “Strong Stem” nouns) are those whose Absolutive forms end in a single consonant, or a short vowel. Additions of a short-vowel clitic do not change the noun stem's final vowel. | ||
Class II nouns are divided into three subtypes, with Absolutive forms ending with the glides ''-ea, -ia'', or ''-ua''. Class II nouns undergo a morphophonemic process whereby the final ''-a'' of the noun stem is dropped and the preceding vowel is automatically lengthened when either a short or a long-vowel case clitic is attached to the noun stem. Additionally, during noun incorporation the entire glide is elided. Examples are as follows for ''marua, yarea'', and ''simmia'', meaning “the 'star' Venus”, “young girl”, and “moonless night”, respectively. | Class II nouns are divided into three subtypes, with Absolutive forms ending with the glides ''-ea, -ia'', or ''-ua''. Class II nouns undergo a morphophonemic process whereby the final ''-a'' of the noun stem is dropped and the preceding vowel is automatically lengthened when either a short or a long-vowel case clitic is attached to the noun stem. Additionally, during noun incorporation the entire glide is elided. Examples are as follows for ''marua, yarea'', and ''simmia'', meaning “the 'star' Venus”, “young girl”, and “moonless night”, respectively. | ||