Bźatga: Difference between revisions

In addition to these base forms, called '''primary''' or '''unmarked''' letters, diacritics are used to create '''secondary''' and '''tertiary''' forms, which are collectively called the '''marked''' letters. In the case of vowels, secondary forms represent pretonic and therefore unstressed variants and are marked with a breve, e.g. ''răvełsemi'' "I have seen". Secondary forms of consonants are '''iotised''' variants of the primary sounds and are marked with an acute accent, e.g. ''craśu'' "drier". Most tertiary forms of both vowels and consonants are marked with the caret (''ê, ô, ŝ'' and ''ẑ''), but ''ł'' is the tertiary form of ''l''.

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Additionally the letters ''î'' and ''û'' occur in diphthongs deriving from ''vi, *ji'' and ''*vu''; e.g. ''noû, noî'' "holy" from **''novu, **novi''. The resulting diphthongs are identical in pronunciation to their unmarked counterparts and the convention is purely orthographic.  

''a ă b c ć d e ĕ ê g ǵ i ĭ î j l ĺ ł m n ń o ŏ ô p r ŕ s ś ŝ t u ŭ û v z ź ẑ''

Palatalisation is an allophonic process whereby certain consonants are affected by a following ''i''. This mainly affects the sonorants ''l'', ''n'' and ''r'', which are altered to their secondary form, and the letters ''d'' and ''t'' which become ''ẑ'' and ''ŝ'' respectively. For example, ''dana'' "gift", pl. ''dańi'', ''pata'' "pool", pl. ''paŝi''.

| align="center"| ''ŝ''

| align="center"| ''ẑ''   

| ''Ŝ ŝ''

| /t͡s/

| ''T t''

| /t/

* stem-final consonants may undergo palatalisation in the plural, e.g. ''vade'' "oracle", pl. ''vaẑi''.  

A specifically polite or respectful form of the vocative, ending in ''-u'', is used only when showing extreme deference and is particularly associated with words denoting people of high authority, e.g. ''bźaŝnu'' "(your) majesty)", ''teźnu'' "(my) lord".

Bźatga has a definite article, ''-zda'', which is suffixed to the inflected form of the noun. The article itself must agree in case and number with the noun: NASg. ''-zda'', GDSg. ''-zdu'', NAPl. ''-ẑi'', GDPl. ''-zdou''.  

* ''meńiẑi'' "the women"

| align="center"| ''maẑi''

The comparative may be followed by ''vra'' "than" and an GD singular or plural noun, e.g. ''maŕu vra teje'' "bigger than a house", ''vałģu vra ģeviẑi'' "more powerful than the gods".

The decades from 20 to 100 are: ''vegŝi, ćigot, pedrogot, pepgot, zveśgot, sećcot, oćcot, naucot, cata''.

These are nouns which stand in the NASg. before a NASg. noun. ''Vegŝi'' is indeclinable and ''cata'' is a 1st declension noun; the others are all 4th declension.  

Numbers like "26" or "69" are formed with the unit followed by the decade in the GDSg., e.g. ''zveś vegŝi'' "26", ''nava zveśgote'' "69". Nouns may be placed between the two numerals in the NASg., e.g. ''zveś vêra vegŝi'' "26 men", ''nava tei zveśgote'' "69 houses".

| align="center"| ''ŝi''

| align="center"| ''soẑi''

| align="center"| ''siẑi''

All these decline like first declension nouns. The first two may be used adjectivally, preceding a noun with which they agree in case and number, e.g. ''pa pabu vêru'' "to every man". The adjectival form of ''oĺazda'' is ''oĺa'' "all, every, whole" which must precede a definite noun (unless abstract), e.g. ''oĺi ebiẑi'' "all the horses".

* '''''ẑira''''' "necessary" is used to express "need to" or "must". It is used in a copula sentence with a verbal noun, with the 'subject' expressed with ''pa'' "to" and the dative of a noun or pronoun, e.g. ''pa ju vela ẑira es'' "he needs to see" (lit. "seeing is necessary to him"), ''advańa ẑira es pa Vêźenu'' "Vêźena must understand".

''Mena năcaudemi, vlaẑi nădeudemi, koÎ năseidemi.'' <br />

''Miẑi năviścdemi dec văgana năbôźdemi.'' <br />

''Śćedazda ărģejģe vlaẑiẑi ẑi dońva esemi.'' <br />

''Ma beuda dec bźate ădnoudemi pa Vrălôgluzdu ẑi Noćezdu, ja znoće dec oĺva noćazdou raga.''

''Ara barva ẑala da pa zna <br />

''Saule côĺi a ara nauẑi ĕćlugdeźńi <br />

|few              = aẑida