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Atlantic: Difference between revisions
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*: Lat. <small>TERRAM, PORTAM</small> → '''tiara, puarta''' (cf. Fr. ''terre, porte''; Lom. ''terra, porta''; It. ''terra, porta''; Sp. ''tierra, puerta''; Pt. ''terra, porta'') | *: Lat. <small>TERRAM, PORTAM</small> → '''tiara, puarta''' (cf. Fr. ''terre, porte''; Lom. ''terra, porta''; It. ''terra, porta''; Sp. ''tierra, puerta''; Pt. ''terra, porta'') | ||
Dialectally, vowel breaking was more widespread. In Numidia, it remained productive late enough to affect original ''ul'' (see above), but not original ''al'' or even long ''a'' (which remained *ɑ(l) for longer) - as in ''fualmin'' for standard ''folmin''. This usage extended to later loanwords, as in ''arbialg'' "hotel" for standard ''arbelg'' (Medieval Latin <small>HARIBERGUM</small>), or in the given name doublet ''Albert'' and ''Albiart'' (← <small>ALBERTUM</small>). In Western Mauritania and Numidia, it affected vowels after velars too (see Western Mauritanian ''cuardi'', Numidian ''cuari'' for Standard/general Mauritanian ''cordi'' "heart", or both W.Mauritanian and Numidian ''cuarnu'' for Std. ''cornu'' (← <small>CORNŪ</small>)) and also vowels before ''n'' as in ''buan'' for Std. ''bon'' "good" (← <small>BONUM</small>). The fact these dialects break vowels before ''n'', but still only when stressed, creates even more stem alternations in the conjugation of some verbs compared to standard Atlantic, such as ''spuandi, spondimu'' for Std. ''spondi, spondimu'' "I declare, we declare" (← <small>SPONDEŌ, SPONDĒMUS</small>).<br/> | Dialectally, vowel breaking was more widespread. In Numidia, it remained productive late enough to affect original ''ul'' (see above), but not original ''al'' or even long ''a'' (which remained *ɑ(l) for longer) - as in ''fualmin'' for standard ''folmin''. This usage extended to later loanwords, as in ''arbialg'' "hotel" for standard ''arbelg'' (Medieval Latin <small>HARIBERGUM</small>), or in the given name doublet ''Albert'' and ''Albiart'' (← <small>ALBERTUM</small>). In Western Mauritania and Numidia, it affected vowels after velars too (see Western Mauritanian ''cuardi'', Numidian ''cuari'' for Standard/general Mauritanian ''cordi'' "heart", or both W.Mauritanian and Numidian ''cuarnu'' for Std. ''cornu'' (← <small>CORNŪ</small>)) and also vowels before ''n'' as in ''buan'' for Std. ''bon'' "good" (← <small>BONUM</small>). The fact these dialects break vowels before ''n'', but still only when stressed, creates even more stem alternations in the conjugation of some verbs compared to standard Atlantic, such as ''spuandi, spondimu'' for Std. ''spondi, spondimu'' "I declare, we declare" (← <small>SPONDEŌ, SPONDĒMUS</small>).<br/> | ||
Reborrowings or learned words, especially Biblical proper nouns, often created doublets, as in the given name "Peter" being usually ''Piatr'' {{IPA|[ˈpjatar]}}, but ''Petrus'' {{IPA|[ˈpɛtrus]}} when referring to Saint Peter<ref>See Matthew 16, 18: ''I eu dihu-t: Tu iaris Petrus, i incopa lânc piarta eḍifihoṭur sungu ma Ircexa.''</ref>. | Reborrowings or learned words, especially Biblical proper nouns, often created doublets, as in the given name "Peter" being usually ''Piatr'' {{IPA|[ˈpjatar]}}, but ''Petrus'' {{IPA|[ˈpɛtrus]}} when referring to Saint Peter<ref>See Matthew 16, 18: ''I eu dihu-t: Tu iaris Petrus, i incopa lânc piarta eḍifihoṭur sungu ma Ircexa.''</ref>.<br/>Vowel breaking was analogically extended in derivational morphology (but not inflectional) to the same root in unstressed positions, unless the two words had since diverged in meaning; for example, <small>TERRAM</small> and <small>TERRŌSUM</small> regularly gave ''tiara'' and ''tirus'', but the latter fell from usage sometime around the 16-17th century in favour of ''tiarus''. The same did not happen with e.g. ''virbus'' from <small>VERBŌSUM</small> "wordy", as the root word ''viarb'' from <small>VERBUM</small> shifted to the more limited usage, as in English and most European languages, of "verb". | ||
Note that original Latin long ''a'' only merged with ''o'' later, and never underwent vowel breaking. | Note that original Latin long ''a'' only merged with ''o'' later, and never underwent vowel breaking. | ||