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Vadi: Difference between revisions
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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | <!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | ||
Vadi is an analytic language and has very few affixes, but even these have been determined by some linguists as clitics. | Vadi is an analytic language and has very few affixes, but even these have been determined by some linguists as clitics. Their status as bound clitics versus unbound morphemes remains unclear, but those that indicate position or direction continue to be represented as clitics in glosses, following J.F. Schumann's practice. | ||
Five postpositional morphemes have been identified: | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
|+ '''Postpositional Clitics''' | |||
|- | |||
! Case | |||
! Postposition | |||
|- | |||
! Dative-Benefactive | |||
| =li | |||
|- | |||
! Ablative | |||
| =ta | |||
|- | |||
! Locative | |||
| =ésa | |||
|- | |||
! Instrumental | |||
| =eta | |||
|- | |||
! Comitative | |||
| =kalí | |||
|} | |||
Derivational affixes occur in greater frequency, but the texts from the Scriptum suggest the overwhelming number of these affixes are no longer productive. For this reason, the general consensus among Vadists is that these affixes have been fossilized. A prefix ''pesa-'' occurs among some verbs that tends to give them causative meaning. For this reason some have speculated this is a borrowing from the Minhast causative prefix ''išp-''. This view is problematic however, because this prefix sometimes appears to intensify the meaning of the root. Moreover, it is also found attached to some nouns, but its addition does not have any apparent effect on the semantics of the noun. | Derivational affixes occur in greater frequency, but the texts from the Scriptum suggest the overwhelming number of these affixes are no longer productive. For this reason, the general consensus among Vadists is that these affixes have been fossilized. A prefix ''pesa-'' occurs among some verbs that tends to give them causative meaning. For this reason some have speculated this is a borrowing from the Minhast causative prefix ''išp-''. This view is problematic however, because this prefix sometimes appears to intensify the meaning of the root. Moreover, it is also found attached to some nouns, but its addition does not have any apparent effect on the semantics of the noun. | ||