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Derivational affixes occur in greater frequency, but the texts from the Scriptum suggest the overwhelming number of these affixes are no longer productive. For this reason, the general consensus among Vadists is that these affixes have been fossilized. A prefix ''pesa-'' occurs among some verbs that tends to give them causative meaning. For this reason some have speculated this is a borrowing from the Minhast causative prefix ''išp-''. This view is problematic however, because this prefix sometimes appears to intensify the meaning of the root. Moreover, it is also found attached to some nouns, but its addition does not | Derivational affixes occur in greater frequency, but the texts from the Scriptum suggest the overwhelming number of these affixes are no longer productive. For this reason, the general consensus among Vadists is that these affixes have been fossilized. A prefix ''pesa-'' occurs among some verbs that tends to give them causative meaning. For this reason some have speculated this is a borrowing from the Minhast causative prefix ''išp-''. This view is problematic however, because this prefix sometimes appears to intensify the meaning of the root. Moreover, it is also found attached to some nouns, but its addition does not appear to affect the semantics of the noun. | ||
Causative ''pesa-'' | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = Anu úla pesadíka, hen | |||
| IPA = | |||
| morphemes = Anu úla pesa-díka hen | |||
| gloss = PN 2P CAUS-run.off EMPH | |||
| translation = (Prefect) Annu will drive you out! | |||
}} | |||
Non-Causative ''pesa-'' | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = Ji pesakúna, kaman uláta, ji nokan pesakudi. | |||
| IPA = | |||
| morphemes = ji pesa-kúna, kaman uláta ji nokan pesa-akúdi. | |||
| gloss = 1P CAUS-climb above úla=ABL 1S rock CAUS-throw. | |||
| translation = I will climb (that mountain) above you (so that) I can throw rocks down (upon you). | |||
}} | |||
Nominal ''pesa-'' | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = Pesarona hokun. | |||
| IPA = | |||
| morphemes = pesa-rona hokun | |||
| gloss = CAUS-snake eat. | |||
| translation = Snakes will eat (you). | |||
}} | |||
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