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→Transitivity Affixes: Added participial '-x-' affix
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The Distributed-Periodic aspect marker, often translated as "from time-to-time" or when used with discrete time references ("every Thursday") indicates that the action, event, or state occurs with some sort of periodicity. If the periodicity is predictable (e.g. "every Thursday"), it often co-occurs with the Habitual affix. The Distributed-Periodic does not indicate punctual or durative information, as they may occur ad-hoc in both telic and atelic verbs. Durative and punctual information is instead indicated by separate affixes, the Semelfective and the Durative; these affixes are derivational in nature and occur in a different slot in the verb template. | The Distributed-Periodic aspect marker, often translated as "from time-to-time" or when used with discrete time references ("every Thursday") indicates that the action, event, or state occurs with some sort of periodicity. If the periodicity is predictable (e.g. "every Thursday"), it often co-occurs with the Habitual affix. The Distributed-Periodic does not indicate punctual or durative information, as they may occur ad-hoc in both telic and atelic verbs. Durative and punctual information is instead indicated by separate affixes, the Semelfective and the Durative; these affixes are derivational in nature and occur in a different slot in the verb template. | ||
===== Participials ===== | |||
The Participials slot is a small segment of the verb template, consisting of only one affix, ''-x''. Past literature on the language variously placed them in the Tense-Aspect slot, whilst others placed in the Transitivity. Current practice is to place it in its own slot, as the affix can co-occur with the affixes of either slot yet does not semantically correspond to either. Its uses vary, sometimes acting as a deverbal, e.g. ''Iknakaraxan išpisaxtikarallaru'' "My departure saddened her", a temporal subordinator, e.g. ''Redaktān iknataharaxan išpiharsummektarundurkilmakš!'' "When you went with that man you shamed us all/In going out with that man you shamed us all!", and occasionally in Modern Standard Minhast but more often with Lower Minhast, it may convey concurrent actions, i.e. circumstantial clauses, e.g. ''Kawwat luktarabampi išpisaxtikurgadešlekarabaxan'' "Kawwat was cooking while I concentrated on my studies" (lit. "Kawwat was cooking in the time I was causing myself to become strong in mind"). | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2"|Participials | |||
|- | |||
! Affix | |||
| -x- | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
===== Transitivity Affixes ===== | ===== Transitivity Affixes ===== | ||
These affixes serve to mark the verb's transitivity. The Detransitivizer combines with other affixes, such as the Reflexive, Reciprocal, and the Antipassive. | These affixes serve to mark the verb's transitivity. The Detransitivizer combines with other affixes, such as the Reflexive, Reciprocal, and the Antipassive. The Detransitivizer occurs oftentimes when NI has taken place, provided that the totality of the verb's valence operations did not promote a former Absolutive argument to Ergative case, which may happen if the Applicative affixes and/or the Causative surface, as in ''Redadde kaslub dutittaħšitipraru'' ("The man gave the dog some meat", lit: The man the dog he-meat-gave-towards). | ||