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* after a monosyllabic stem ending in any consonant (varies by dialect) | * after a monosyllabic stem ending in any consonant (varies by dialect) | ||
The plural suffix '''-i''' assimilates with stems ending in vowels. For example: | The plural suffix '''-i''' assimilates with stems ending in vowels. For example: | ||
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:-iē + -i = -īji | :-iē + -i = -īji | ||
:-ēie + -i = -ēji | :-ēie + -i = -ēji | ||
A combination of prefix and suffix determines the inflection of the noun stem. | |||
{| class="bluetable" | |||
|- | |||
! Animacy prefix !! Number suffix !! Complete inflection | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="2" | inanimate '''ja'''- || non-plural -'''a/-e/-''' || inanimate singular noun | |||
|- | |||
|| plural -i || inanimate plural noun | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="2"| inanimate '''an'''- || non-plural -'''a/-e/-''' || stative noun | |||
|- | |||
| | plural -i || inanimate collective noun | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="3" | animate '''ma'''- || non-plural -'''a/-e/-''' || animate singular noun | |||
|- | |||
| | plural -'''i''' || animate collective noun | |||
|- | |||
| | reduplication of initial consonant + plural -'''ien''' || animate plural noun | |||
|} | |||
Both animates and inanimates have three numbers: singular, collective, and plural. These could also be termed non-plural, collective plural, and distributive plural. There is also the stative inflection, which has no number and is neither animate nor inanimate. | |||
===Singular=== | |||
Nouns that are inherently singular include things that can be counted, pieces or parts of things, instances of a feeling or experience, and events. Singular nouns are used with modifying numbers up through four. Possessed nouns, even those that denote paired objects, are singular. | |||
:'''jaxāela''' 'night' | |||
:'''malāca''' 'girl' | |||
:'''sakīwa''' 'skin' | |||
=== Collective === | |||
Collective nouns include inherent aggregations of parts, powders, liquids, and gases. Collectives are also sets, series, or expanses, and can optionally be used for large scale natural phenomena. Collectives can be used to refer to a generic when discussing something that applies to all members of a set. | |||
:'''anhāri''' 'water' | |||
:'''ancēwriti''' 'powder' | |||
:'''makīri''' 'kinfolk' | |||
=== Plural === | |||
Plural is a distributive plural, and refers to multiple distinct entities that are not grouped. | |||
:'''jaxāeli''' 'nights' | |||
:'''mallācien''' 'girls' | |||
=== Stative === | |||
Stative nouns include abstractions, qualities, and attributes. The stative can be used to refer to a generic when discussing the essence of something. Also, the stative is the preferred 2nd opject of PA. | |||
:'''ankēra''' 'holy' | |||
:'''anmāλa''' 'green' | |||
:'''ankīwīke''' 'leather' | |||
Stative nouns will often modify other nouns. In this situation, the stative noun will change its inflection to agree with the other noun. Sometimes the modified noun is omitted, and so only the changed stative is left. | |||
:'''anmāλa''' 'green' | |||
:'''jacēla jamāλa''' 'green bowl' | |||
:'''jamāλa''' 'green thing' | |||
=== Adjectives === | === Adjectives === | ||