801
edits
Bźatga: Difference between revisions
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→Nouns
(→Vowels) |
(→Nouns) |
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Nouns have no grammatical gender but are marked for case and number. There are two cases: the '''Nominative-Accusative''' (NA) which is used for the subject and direct object of verbs; and the '''Genitive-Dative''' (GD) which is used following prepositions and in some other constructions. Each case is marked in the singular and plural. | Nouns have no grammatical gender but are marked for case and number. There are two cases: the '''Nominative-Accusative''' (NA) which is used for the subject and direct object of verbs; and the '''Genitive-Dative''' (GD) which is used following prepositions and in some other constructions. Each case is marked in the singular and plural. | ||
Nouns belong to one of | Nouns belong to one of four declensions based on the NASg. Indefinite: | ||
* 1st, 2nd and 3rd declension end in a vowel (''-a'', ''-e'' or ''-o'') | * 1st, 2nd and 3rd declension end in a vowel (''-a'', ''-e'' or ''-o'') | ||
* 4th declension end in a consonant | * 4th declension end in a consonant | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" text-align:center;" | ||
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| align="center" | "foot" | | align="center" | "foot" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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* stem-final ''v'' disappears before ''-v'' of the GDPl. and 3rd NAPl., e.g. ''ĺova'' "coal" (NASg.) → ''ĺova'' (GDPl.), ''ńivo'' "action, deed" (NASg.) → ''ńiva''. | * stem-final ''v'' disappears before ''-v'' of the GDPl. and 3rd NAPl., e.g. ''ĺova'' "coal" (NASg.) → ''ĺova'' (GDPl.), ''ńivo'' "action, deed" (NASg.) → ''ńiva''. | ||
* a number of 4th declension nouns have a NASg. ending in a vowel, e.g. ''tei'' "house", ''mau'' "place", ''neu'' "sky". They form their GDSg. and Pl. normally, e.g. ''teje'', ''mave'', ''neve''. | * a number of 4th declension nouns have a NASg. ending in a vowel, e.g. ''tei'' "house", ''mau'' "place", ''neu'' "sky". They form their GDSg. and Pl. normally, e.g. ''teje'', ''mave'', ''neve''. | ||
The following nouns are irregular: | The following nouns are irregular: | ||