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'''Weddish''' (''Weddish'': '''װעדיש''', ''X"Q'': '''וֶדִש''', ''Romanization'': '''Vediš''') is a constructed, ''a posteriori'', naturalistic [[auxlang]], made from Yiddish with heavy influences from Hebrew, English, German, and Basque ideas.  It has ergative-absolutive [[Linguistics:Morphosyntactic alignment|morphosyntactic alignment]] and a pervasive yet symbolic use of the dual.  It is meant to promote the institution of marriage, foster better communication between persons, and improve the constructs of Systematic Theological discussions.  It is well-suited as an auxlang for Jewish intermarriage.
'''Weddish''' (''Weddish'': '''װעדיש''', ''X"Q'': '''וֶדִש''', ''Romanization'': '''Vediš''') is a [[w:conlang|constructed]], ''a posteriori'', naturalistic [[auxlang]], made from [[w:Yiddish language|Yiddish]] with heavy influences from Hebrew, English, German, and some Basque.  It has ergative-absolutive [[Linguistics:Morphosyntactic alignment|morphosyntactic alignment]] and a pervasive yet symbolic use of the [[w:Dual (grammatical number)|dual]].  It is meant to promote the institution of marriage, foster better communication between persons, and improve the constructs of [[w:Systematic theology|systematic theological]] discussions.  It is well-suited as an auxlang for [[w:Jewish intermarriage|Jewish intermarriage]].


The language was created in 2013 by [[User:aquatiki|Robert Murphy]] as part of an assignment at [[w:Covenant Theological Seminary|Covenant Theological Seminary]] for Professor Jerram Barrs.
The language was created in 2013 by [[User:aquatiki|Robert Murphy]] as part of an assignment at [[w:Covenant Theological Seminary|Covenant Theological Seminary]] for Professor Jerram Barrs.
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There are several issues in the pronunciation of individual sounds.  The rhotic of Weddish is either alveolar or uvular<ref>As in Hebrew, uvular may be seen as the most prestigious form: http://wals.info/chapter/6</ref> and may be anything from a fricative, to a flap, to a trill, to an approximant.  No R-colors vowels are permitted.  Words that begin with a vowel are separated from a prior open syllable by a glottal stop.  The velar nasal only occurs when an "n" is assimilated in place of articular before or after an "x", "k", or "g", in a syllable coda<ref>http://wals.info/chapter/9</ref>.  '''ng''' is pronounced <tt>/ŋg/</tt>, not just <tt>/ŋ/</tt>.  '''L''' is typically dark (aka "velarized") except before '''i'''.  '''Ayen''' is always romanized '''e''', but signifies the schwa in unaccented syllables.
There are several issues in the pronunciation of individual sounds.  The rhotic of Weddish is either alveolar or uvular<ref>As in Hebrew, uvular may be seen as the most prestigious form: http://wals.info/chapter/6</ref> and may be anything from a fricative, to a flap, to a trill, to an approximant.  No R-colors vowels are permitted.  Words that begin with a vowel are separated from a prior open syllable by a glottal stop.  The velar nasal only occurs when an "n" is assimilated in place of articular before or after an "x", "k", or "g", in a syllable coda<ref>http://wals.info/chapter/9</ref>.  '''ng''' is pronounced <tt>/ŋg/</tt>, not just <tt>/ŋ/</tt>.  '''L''' is typically dark (aka "velarized") except before '''i'''.  '''Ayen''' is always romanized '''e''', but signifies the schwa in unaccented syllables.


In the dialect of the Americas, central vowels retain a color of their original/short form.  Elsewhere, they are all central, except <tt>/a/</tt> before glottals and <tt>/ɪ/</tt> before labials.  Another dialect difference is that '''c''' and '''dž''' are sometimes pronounced <tt>/θ/</tt> and <tt>/ð/</tt><ref>http://wals.info/chapter/19</ref>.  However, the rhotic is still not retroflex!  Americans also pronounce '''aw''' and '''ow''' as diphthongs, which is readily understood.
In the dialect of the Americas, central vowels retain a color of their original/short form.  Elsewhere, they are all central, except <tt>/a/</tt> before glottals and <tt>/ɪ/</tt> before labials.  The rhotic must not be retroflex!  Americans also pronounce '''aw''' and '''ow''' as diphthongs, which is readily understood.


=== Orthography ===
=== Orthography ===
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| ''syllabic''
| ''syllabic''
|}
|}
Handwriting, or cursive, is the same as Hebrew and Yiddish.
Handwriting, or cursive, is the same as Hebrew and Yiddish.  The Braille system is [[w:Hebrew Braille]].
[[File:Alfabet.hebrajski.png]]
[[File:Alfabet.hebrajski.png]]
==== Puncuation ====
==== Puncuation ====
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Like Hebrew, Weddish uses enclitic forms of pronouns to indicate several things.  On verbs, pronominal suffixes mark the absolutive argument of the clause.  On nouns, they mark a genitive relationship.  Pronominal prefixes are used exclusively on transitive verbs to mark the ergative argument, and are obligatory.  Weddish is not pro-drop, and an affix on both ends is required on transitive verbs.  Remember, there are no ambi-transitive verbs in Weddish.  Use of the independent personal pronouns when the person has been specified on either end of the verb is considered emphatic.
Like Hebrew, Weddish uses enclitic forms of pronouns to indicate several things.  On verbs, pronominal suffixes mark the absolutive argument of the clause.  On nouns, they mark a genitive relationship.  Pronominal prefixes are used exclusively on transitive verbs to mark the ergative argument, and are obligatory.  Weddish is not pro-drop, and an affix on both ends is required on transitive verbs.  Remember, there are no ambi-transitive verbs in Weddish.  Use of the independent personal pronouns when the person has been specified on either end of the verb is considered emphatic.


{| {{Table/bluetable}}
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="float:left;"
|+ Imperfective (and Genitive)
! Person || # || Suffix || Prefix
! Person || # || Suffix || Prefix
|-
|-
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|}
|}


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="float:left;"
|+ Perfective
! Person || # || Suffix || Prefix
|-
! rowspan="3" | <big>1</big>
! sg
| '''-ti'''
| '''e(n)-'''
|-
! dl
| '''-(e)k'''
| ø
|-
! pl
| '''-(e)m'''
| '''ma-'''
|-
! rowspan="3" | <big>2</big>
! sg
| '''-t'''
| '''ta-'''
|-
! dl
| '''-(e)st'''
| '''sti-'''
|-
! pl
| '''-(u)t'''
| '''t(u)-'''
|-
! rowspan="4" | <big>3</big>
! anim.
| '''-o'''
| '''ro-'''
|-
! inan.
| '''-a'''
| '''ya-'''
|-
! dl
| '''-av*'''
| ø
|-
! n/pl
| '''-(ay/i)č'''
| '''čay-'''
|}
<br clear="both" />
=== Verbs ===
=== Verbs ===
Weddish verbs conjugate first for aspect, then use auxiliaries for tense and mood.
Weddish verbs take affixes for aspect, then use auxiliaries for tense and mood.


==== Aspect Ablaut ====
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="float:right;"
Aspect is specified by changing the theme vowel of the verb.  The right vowel may not be part of a compound, prefix, or suffix.  As with nounal plurals, these changes fall into patterns, but are somewhat unpredictable.
! Normal || Antipassive
 
{| {{Table/bluetable}}
! Imperfective || Perfective
|-
|-
| -ei- || -a-  
| -ei- || -a-  
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| -i- || -a-/-e-/-u-
| -i- || -a-/-e-/-u-
|}
|}
==== Voices ====
 
# Causative: š/že-
There are several valency-altering operations available in Yiddish, which may be combined.  The anti-passive is formed by ablaut.  The causative is made with the prefix ש׳/š-, which takes its voicing from the next consonant.  The reflexive is made with the prefix היט/hit-, which also takes its voicing from the following consonant.
# Reflexive: hit/hid-
 
# Antipassive: V-u
# Mixed
==== Non-finite ====
==== Non-finite ====
# participle -ing
The imperfective participle is made by the suffix -(e)n.  The perfective participle is made by the circumfix ge- -en.  The infinitive (also called the infinitive construct) is the participle with a preposition, usually '''cu'''.  The adverbial form (also called infinitive absolute) is simply the participle form unattached.
# infinitive absolute: u-V
 
# infinitive construct: ge-
==== Incorporation ====
==== Incorporation ====
On the Mithun scale<ref>Mithun, Marianne. 1984. The Evolution of Noun Incorporation. ''Language'', Vol. 60, No. 4. pp. 847-894.</ref>, Weddish does type-I and type-II noun incorporation.  This means  
On the Mithun scale<ref>Mithun, Marianne. 1984. The Evolution of Noun Incorporation. ''Language'', Vol. 60, No. 4. pp. 847-894.</ref>, Weddish does type-I and type-II noun incorporation.  This means  
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