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Ox-Yew: Difference between revisions
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→Syllable Structure
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*All syllables must have a nucleus, but onsets and codas are not required. Syllables in the same word must have either a coda or an onset dividing them (i.e. two syllable nuclei must be separated by at least one consonant.) | *All syllables must have a nucleus, but onsets and codas are not required. Syllables in the same word must have either a coda or an onset dividing them (i.e. two syllable nuclei must be separated by at least one consonant.) | ||
*Word-initial onsets may consist of a single consonant, or a stop consonant followed by a liquid. | *Word-initial onsets may consist of a single consonant, or a stop consonant followed by a liquid. | ||
** | **⟨p, t, k, b, d, g, c, q, j, w, y, x, m, n, v, l, z, r, s, f, h⟩ | ||
** | **⟨pr, tr, kr, br, dr, gr, pl, tl, kl, bl, dl, gl, pz, tz, kz, bz, dz, gz⟩ | ||
*In words with no consonantal onset beginning with a short diphthong, the diphthong switches from falling to rising; that is, the initial element of the diphthong is realized as a glide. (This does not apply to ⟨ai⟩ and ⟨au⟩.) | |||
**⟨iu, ia, ui, ua⟩ → [ju, ja, wi, wa] / #_ | |||
*In words with no consonantal onset beginning with a long diphthong, the long element of the diphthong is subject to fracture. (This does not apply to ⟨aai⟩ and ⟨aau⟩.) | |||
**⟨iiu, iia, uui, uua⟩ → [jiu, jia, wui, wua] | |||
**In some dialects this may even cause the “length” to shift to the second element: ⟨iiu, iia, uui, uua⟩ → [juː, jaː, wiː, waː] | |||
*Intersyllabic consonant clusters may be: | *Intersyllabic consonant clusters may be: | ||
**C (any single consonant) | **C (any single consonant) | ||
*** | ***⟨p, t, k, b, d, g, q, j, c, m, n, v, l, z, r, s, f, h⟩ | ||
**C[-cnt]C[+liq] (any stop + liquid) | **C[-cnt]C[+liq] (any stop + liquid) | ||
*** | ***⟨pr, pl, pz, tr, tl, tz, kr, kl, kz, br, bl, bz, dr, dl, dz, gr, gl, gz⟩ | ||
**C[-cnt]ː (any geminate stop) | **C[-cnt]ː (any geminate stop) | ||
*** | ***⟨pp, tt, kk, bb, dd, gg⟩ | ||
**C[+nas]ː (any geminate nasal) | **C[+nas]ː (any geminate nasal) | ||
*** | ***⟨mm, nn, vv⟩ | ||
**C[+nas]C[-cnt-vox] (any nasal + unvoiced stop of the same place of articulation; also ⟨vg⟩) | **C[+nas]C[-cnt-vox] (any nasal + unvoiced stop of the same place of articulation; also ⟨vg⟩) | ||
*** | ***⟨mp, nt, vk, vg⟩ | ||
**C[+nas]C[-cnt-vox]C[+liq] (any nasal + voiced or unvoiced stop of the same place of articulation + liquid) | **C[+nas]C[-cnt-vox]C[+liq] (any nasal + voiced or unvoiced stop of the same place of articulation + liquid) | ||
*** | ***⟨mbr, mbl, ndr, ndl, vgr, vgl, vgz⟩ | ||
**nC[+liq] (⟨n⟩ + any affricate) | **nC[+liq] (⟨n⟩ + any affricate) | ||
*** | ***⟨nq, nj, nc⟩ | ||
**C[+obs+cnt]C[-cnt-vox] (any fricative + any unvoiced stop) | **C[+obs+cnt]C[-cnt-vox] (any fricative + any unvoiced stop) | ||
*** | ***⟨sp, st, sk, fp, ft, fk, hp, ht, hk⟩ | ||
*Word-final codas may consist only of a single consonant. | *Word-final codas may consist only of a single consonant. | ||
** | **⟨p, t, k, b, d, g, c, q, j, w, y, x, m, n, v, l, z, r, s, f, h⟩ | ||
**All stop consonants become spirantised in coda position. | **All stop consonants become spirantised in coda position. | ||
***⟨p, t, k, b, d, g⟩ → [ɸ, θ, x, β, ð, ɣ] / _# | ***⟨p, t, k, b, d, g⟩ → [ɸ, θ, x, β, ð, ɣ] / _# | ||