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→Infinitive verbs
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====Infinitive verbs==== | ====Infinitive verbs==== | ||
The infinitive or non-finite verbs are characterised by not being inflected for either person or tense. Some of them however, do change to indicate things such as mood and voice. One analysis separates these infinitive verbs based on whether they show mood and voice or not. Another, does it on their morphological shape; the results however, are the same. They will be described using the morphological approach here, wherein they are divided into a ''simple'' and a ''complex'' group. | |||
The simple infinitives are | =====Simple===== | ||
The simple infinitives are as one might suspect, very simple in their form. They are identical to the voice-inflected stems, i.e., they look exactly the same as finite verbs stripped of their person and tense markers. Thus from the simple root {{sc|'''√bak-'''}} we can extract the infinitives ''bāk'' ‘to see’, ''bakh'' ‘wish to see’, ''abāk'' ‘to be seen’, and so on. | |||
The complex infinitives | =====Complex===== | ||
The complex infinitives are a jumbled group which all have in common their formation from the naked verb root. Luckily, their formation is readily memorable. | |||
The verbal noun ({{sc|vnoun}}) is formed by adding ''-ín'' to the root. It denotes the action pure and simple and does not engage in verb syntax. As it readily exposes the root, it is also used as the lemma form for all verbs. | The '''verbal noun''' ({{sc|vnoun}}) is formed by adding ''-ín'' to the root. It denotes the action pure and simple and does not engage in verb syntax. As it readily exposes the root, it is also used as the lemma form for all regular verbs and together with the optative present first person for the irregular ones. | ||
:''bakín'' ‘the act of seeing’ | :''bakín'' ‘the act of seeing’ | ||
The infinitive of purpose ({{sc|prps}}) is formed by adding ''-áyim'' to the root. This form is used in conjunction with verbs of motion to indicate purpose. | The '''infinitive of purpose''' ({{sc|prps}}) is formed by adding ''-áyim'' to the root. This form is used in conjunction with verbs of motion to indicate purpose. | ||
:''zirakáyim azfârún êbuyâkhrôm'' ‘I travel to the fortress to explore’ | :''zirakáyim azfârún êbuyâkhrôm'' ‘I travel to the fortress to explore’ | ||
The '''verbal participle''' ({{sc|ptcp}}), a kind of adverbial, denotes an ongoing action of the verb. It is formed by suffixing ''-šku''. | |||
:''azalušku'' (‘away-dwindling’) from '''√LUH-''' (‘diminish’). | :''azalušku'' (‘away-dwindling’) from '''√LUH-''' (‘diminish’). | ||