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Minhast (view source)

Revision as of 03:35, 10 August 2014

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→‎Terminative Affixes
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These occupy the final position of the verb complex. The most frequently encountered affix is the General Subordinative affix ''-mā''.  
These occupy the final position of the verb complex. The most frequently encountered affix is the General Subordinative affix ''-mā''.  


{| width="700px"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
|- style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ccff; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"
|-  
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ffff" | Function
! Function
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ffff" | Affix
! Affix
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ffff" | Notes
! Notes
|-
|-
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ffff" | General Subordinative
! General Subordinative
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ff99" | -mā  
| -mā  
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ff99" |
|  
English translation: "then; that". This suffix is used primarily to link Sequential clauses. It also interacts with other verbal affixes in clause combining operations to form conditionals, complements, and other clause types.
English translation: "then; that". This suffix is used primarily to link Sequential clauses. It also interacts with other verbal affixes in clause combining operations to form conditionals, complements, and other clause types.
|-
|-
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ffff" | Purposive
! Purposive
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ff99" | -nimmā
| -nimmā
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ff99" | in order to
| in order to
|
|
|-
|-
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ffff" | Direct Quotative
! Direct Quotative
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ff99" | -namā
| -namā
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ff99" | English: "Thus (x) says/said". Marks the following clause as direct speech.
| English: "Thus (x) says/said". Marks the following clause as direct speech.
|-
|-
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ffff" | Indirect Quotative
! Indirect Quotative
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ff99" | -tamā
| -tamā
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ff99" | English: "(s/he) said that". Marks the following clause as indirect speech.
| English: "(s/he) said that". Marks the following clause as indirect speech.
|-
|-
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ffff" | Consequential Affix
! Consequential Affix
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ff99" | -dur-, -dūr-
| -dur-, -dūr-
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ff99" | Indicates the clause is a direct result of the preceding clause
| Indicates the clause is a direct result of the preceding clause
|-
|-
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ffff" | Unexpected
! Unexpected
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ff99" | -kil-
| -kil-
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ff99" | Indicates the verb is a sudden, unexpected event or state.
| Indicates the verb is a sudden, unexpected event or state.
|-
|-
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ffff" | Unexpected Negative Exclamatory Affix
! Unexpected Negative Exclamatory Affix
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ff99" | -kilmakš-
| -kilmakš-
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ff99" | Indicates the verb is a sudden, unexpected event or state, with strong negative connotations or disapproval.
| Indicates the verb is a sudden, unexpected event or state, with strong negative connotations or disapproval.
|-
|-
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ffff" | Unexpected Positive Exclamatory Affix
! Unexpected Positive Exclamatory Affix
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ff99" | -kilwāš-
| -kilwāš-
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ff99" |  Indicates the verb is a sudden, unexpected event or state, with strong positive connotations or surprised delight
|  Indicates the verb is a sudden, unexpected event or state, with strong positive connotations or surprised delight
|-
|-
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ffff" | Irrealis Affix
! Irrealis Affix
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ff99" | -š-
| -š-
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ff99" | This affix marks the VP as an unrealized and/or hypothetical state or event.  In addition to its usage in interrogative sentences, this affix, combined with the Consequential affix and certain sentential particles to form hypothetical and conterfactual clauses. This affix tends to elide any consonant before it. The Irrealis co-occurs with certain affixes, such as the Desiderative and allied forms, the Conative, the Inclinative, and the Future tenses.
| This affix marks the VP as an unrealized and/or hypothetical state or event.  In addition to its usage in interrogative sentences, this affix, combined with the Consequential affix and certain sentential particles to form hypothetical and conterfactual clauses. This affix tends to elide any consonant before it. The Irrealis co-occurs with certain affixes, such as the Desiderative and allied forms, the Conative, the Inclinative, and the Future tenses.
|-
|-
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ffff" | Nominalizer
! Nominalizer
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ff99" | -naft-
| -(n)aft-
| style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #66ff99" |
| The ''=naft'' form is used for Transitive verbs, otherwise ''=aft'' is used.
|}
|}


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