5,486
edits
Minhast: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
→Verb Types
m (→Verb Types) |
|||
| Line 856: | Line 856: | ||
Interrogative verbs can either be zero-valent (i.e. an Impersonal Verb), as in ''"Innearaš?" >> *inea-ar-an=š'' [what.happened-PAST-INTRANS=IRREAL] ("What happened?"), univalent, e.g. ''"Nansuriattaharaš?" >> *nansuriat-tah-ar-an=š'' [what.did.do-2S.ABS-PAST=IRREAL] ("What did you do?"), or even divalent, i.e. transitive, e.g. ''"Išpinansuriattaharuš?" >> *šp-nansuriat-tah-ar-u=š'' [CAUS-what.did.do-2S.ERG+3MS.ABS] ("What did you make him do?). Interrogative Verbs can be inflected for tense, aspect, person-number (for univalent verbs), and in some cases, theme, as illustrated in the last example. | Interrogative verbs can either be zero-valent (i.e. an Impersonal Verb), as in ''"Innearaš?" >> *inea-ar-an=š'' [what.happened-PAST-INTRANS=IRREAL] ("What happened?"), univalent, e.g. ''"Nansuriattaharaš?" >> *nansuriat-tah-ar-an=š'' [what.did.do-2S.ABS-PAST=IRREAL] ("What did you do?"), or even divalent, i.e. transitive, e.g. ''"Išpinansuriattaharuš?" >> *šp-nansuriat-tah-ar-u=š'' [CAUS-what.did.do-2S.ERG+3MS.ABS] ("What did you make him do?). Interrogative Verbs can be inflected for tense, aspect, person-number (for univalent verbs), and in some cases, theme, as illustrated in the last example. | ||
The following table contains the most frequently used Interrogative Verbs: | Where person-number marking is allowed, both second and third person singular/plural marking predominate; first person marking is infrequent. Some verbs appear to have a default tense, usually in the past but sometimes in the future, even though the verb has no explicit tense marking, e.g. ''maymaštahaš'' seems to have a default past tense even though the past tense affix ''-ar-'' does not appear; however if the past tense affix appears, the verb remains well-formed. | ||
The following table contains the most frequently used Interrogative Verbs:<br/> | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Verb !! Meaning !! Valency !! Gloss !! Restrictions | ! Verb !! Meaning !! Maximum Valency !! Gloss !! Restrictions | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tippakaraš | ! style="text-align:left"| tippakaraš | ||
| “How did it happen?” | |||
| zero | |||
| ''tippak-ar-an=š'' <br/> [happen.how-PAST-INTRANS-IRREAL] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| kurraktahaš | ! style="text-align:left"| kurraktahaš | ||
| "How many do you want?" | |||
| univalent | |||
| style="text-align:left"| ''kurrak-tah-an=š'' <br/> [how.many.want-2S.ABS-INTRANS-IRREAL] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! style="text-align:left"| nansuriattahaš | ||
| "What did you do?" | |||
| univalent | |||
| ''nansuriat-tah-ar-an=š'' <br/> [what.do-2S.ABS-INTRANS-IRREAL] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! style="text-align:left"| inneaš | ||
| "What happened?" | |||
| zero | |||
| ''innea-ar-an=š'' <br/> [what.happen-INTRANS-IRREAL] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! style="text-align:left"| paxtamaš | ||
| "When did it happen?" | |||
| zero | |||
| ''paxtam-ar-an=š'' <br/>[when.do-INTRANS-IRREAL] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| iskumattahaš | ! style="text-align:left"| iskumattahaš | ||
| "When will you come?" | |||
| univalent | |||
| ''iskumat-tah-an=š'' <br/>[when.come-2S.ABS-INTRANS-IRREAL] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| naktatintahaš | ! style="text-align:left"| naktatintahaš | ||
| "Where are you going?" | |||
| univalent | |||
| ''naktatin-tah-an=š'' <br/>[where.are-2S.ABS-INTRANS-IRREAL] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| annatimaraš | ! style="text-align:left"| annatimaraš | ||
| "Where did this happen?/Where was this done?<br/> Where did he do this?" | |||
| univalent | |||
| ''annatim-ar-an=š'' <br/>[where.happen-PAST-INTRANS-IRREAL] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| maymaštahaš | ! style="text-align:left"| maymaštahaš | ||
| "Who did this?" | |||
| zero | |||
| ''maymaš-tah-an=š'' <br/>[who.do-INTRANS-IRREAL] | |||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||