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Nahónda: Difference between revisions
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As was mentioned earlier, Nahónda lacks both adpositions and applicatives to indicate grammatical relations<ref>Aka theta-roles</ref>, both of which its relative Minhast possesses. Nahónda employs verb stacking in lieu of adpositional marking and applicativization to specify grammatical relations. Verb stacking may also be employed to convey various adverbial meanings. | As was mentioned earlier, Nahónda lacks both adpositions and applicatives to indicate grammatical relations<ref>Aka theta-roles</ref>, both of which its relative Minhast possesses. Nahónda employs verb stacking in lieu of adpositional marking and applicativization to specify grammatical relations. Verb stacking may also be employed to convey various adverbial meanings. | ||
In Nahónda, the clause containing the verb head, i.e. the "main verb", precedes the modifiers<ref>Interestingly, the order of dependent verbs mirrors the placement of verb affixes in the Eskaleut languges.</ref>. This is an unusual feature, as most(??) languages that employ verb stacking place the modifying verb before its head. Placement of the dependents | In Nahónda, the clause containing the verb head, i.e. the "main verb", precedes the modifiers<ref>Interestingly, the order of dependent verbs mirrors the placement of verb affixes in the Eskaleut languges.</ref>. This is an unusual feature, as most(??) languages that employ verb stacking place the modifying verb before its head. Placement of the dependents appears to be motivated by scopal considerations, with each element having leftward scope over all elements preceding it in the verb phrase. The dependents are also are unmarked for TAM, and person marking is null, i.e. the dependents take third person singular marking. Instead, the dependents inherit their person and TAM marking from the main verb. | ||
An example of verb stacking to convey an Allative relation | An example of verb stacking with the verb ''tatʼano'' ("to give") to convey an Allative relation is illustrated in the following gloss: | ||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = | |phrase = Gokóde yakalódona tatʼano. | ||
| IPA = / | | IPA = /go'ko:dɛ jaka'lo:dona 'tatʼano. | ||
| morphemes = | | morphemes = gokóde ∅-ya-kaló-dona ∅-tatʼa-∅-∅-no ba-∅-∅-na | ||
| gloss = | | gloss = enemy 3S.PT-1S.AGT-throw-spear-PST give.3S-PFCT-PST-CONJ be.swift-PFCT-PST-CONJ | ||
| translation = I threw the spear at | | translation = I immediately threw the spear at the enemy warrior. | ||
}} | }} | ||