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Essanian: Difference between revisions
→Phonological
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**Differs from Spanish. | **Differs from Spanish. | ||
**E.g. HOMINE(M) > ''weme'' /ˈweme/ "man" (Catalan, Asturian, Galician ''home'', Portuguese ''homem'' vs Spanish, Aragonese ''hombre'') | **E.g. HOMINE(M) > ''weme'' /ˈweme/ "man" (Catalan, Asturian, Galician ''home'', Portuguese ''homem'' vs Spanish, Aragonese ''hombre'') | ||
:::NOMEN > ''nueme'' /ˈnweme/ "name" (Galician/Portuguese ''nome'', Catalan, Aragonese ''nom'', Asturian ''ñome'' vs Spanish ''nombre'') | |||
*Palatalization of -X-, -PS-, -SC- (the latter before front vowels) to /ʃ/. | *Palatalization of -X-, -PS-, -SC- (the latter before front vowels) to /ʃ/. | ||
**Differs from Spanish. | **Differs from Spanish. | ||
**E.g. COXA > ''cuexa'' /ˈkweʃa/ "thigh" (Catalan, Aragonese ''cuixa'', Galician/Portuguese ''coxa'', Mirandese ''coixa'' vs Spanish ''cuja'') | |||
*Preservation of initial CL-, FL-, PL-. | *Preservation of initial CL-, FL-, PL-. | ||
**Shared with Catalan. | **Shared with Catalan and Aragonese. | ||
**E.g. CLAMARE > ''clamar'' /klaˈmaɾ/ "to call" (Catalan, Aragonese ''clamar'' vs Spanish, Asturian ''llamar'', Galician/Portuguese ''chamar'' | |||
*Preservation of intervocalic -T-, -P-, -C-. | *Preservation of intervocalic -T-, -P-, -C-. | ||
**Shared with some Aragonese dialects. | **Shared with some Aragonese dialects. | ||
**E.g. *SAPĒRE > ''saper'' /saˈpeɾ/ "to know" (Central Aragonese ''saper'' vs Catalan, Spanish, Galician/Portuguese, Asturian ''saber'') | |||
*Insertion of (or, in some cases, preservation of) /j/ before or after a front vowel to avoid hiatus. | *Insertion of (or, in some cases, preservation of) /j/ before or after a front vowel to avoid hiatus. | ||
**Shared with Aragonese and some varieties of Astur-Leonese. | **Shared with Aragonese and some varieties of Astur-Leonese. | ||
**E.g. CADERE > ''cayer'' /kaˈjeɾ/ "to fall" (Asturian, Aragonese ''cayer'' vs Spanish, Galician ''caer'', Portuguese ''cair'') | |||
*Dropping of final -U(M) in many environments. | *Dropping of final -U(M) in many environments. | ||
**Shared with Catalan. | **Shared with Catalan. | ||
**E.g. CATTU(M) > ''gat'' /ɡat/ "cat" (Catalan ''gat'' vs Asturian ''gatu'', Spanish, Galician/Portuguese ''gato'') | |||
*Preservation of non-dropped final -U(M) as /u/. | *Preservation of non-dropped final -U(M) as /u/. | ||
**Shared with Astur-Leonese and Portuguese (though it is likely a secondary development in the latter). | **Shared with Astur-Leonese and Portuguese (though it is likely a secondary development in the latter). | ||
**E.g. | |||
*Dropping of final -E(M) in many environments. | *Dropping of final -E(M) in many environments. | ||
**Shared with Aragonese, Catalan, and (to some extent) Spanish. | **Shared with Aragonese, Catalan, and (to some extent) Spanish. | ||
**E.g. GRANDE(M) > ''grand'' /ɡɾan/ "big" (Aragonese ''gran'' vs Spanish, Aragonese, Galician/Portuguese ''grande'') | |||
*Preservation of voiced fricatives/affricates. | *Preservation of voiced fricatives/affricates. | ||
**Shared with Catalan, Portuguese, and Mirandese. | **Shared with Catalan, Portuguese, and Mirandese. | ||
**E.g. UNDECI(M) > ''onge'' /ˈondʒe/ "eleven" (Catalan, Portuguese, Mirandese ''onze'' vs Aragonese, Asturian, Spanish ''once'') | |||
*Preservation of the distinction between /b/ and /v/. | *Preservation of the distinction between /b/ and /v/. | ||
**Shared with some varieties of Catalan and most varieties of Portuguese. | **Shared with some varieties of Catalan and most varieties of Portuguese. | ||
**E.g. HABĒRE > ''aver'' /aˈveɾ/ "to have" (Portuguese, Catalan ''haver'' vs Spanish, Asturian, Aragonese, Galician ''haber'') | |||
*The following features are unique to Essanian among the Iberian Romance languages: | *The following features are unique to Essanian among the Iberian Romance languages: | ||
**-ST- becomes /θ/. | **-ST- becomes /θ/. | ||