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Chrysophylax (talk | contribs) m (→General characteristics: - I just realised that the word for tongue does not have a breathy-voiced d in PIE, thus there is no new /d/ to turn into an l.) |
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Finian was a Lúsanic language spoken in northern Europe from the fourth century until the second century BCE when remains of it disappear. It was apparently recognised by Dhannic speakers as a related language albeit very different. Attested by fifty or so inscriptions, mostly of a votive kind, the known corpus of the language remains small. | Finian was a Lúsanic language spoken in northern Europe from the fourth century until the second century BCE when remains of it disappear. It was apparently recognised by Dhannic speakers as a related language albeit very different. Attested by fifty or so inscriptions, mostly of a votive kind, the known corpus of the language remains small. | ||
==General characteristics== | ==General characteristics== | ||
While quite similar to the Dhannic languages in many aspects, there are some striking differences. One of the most noticeable is the shifting of several inherited stops from Finio-Dhannic. In Finian, this development first described by Indo-European linguist Berthold von Walden manifests in its earliest stages as a fricativization of the unvoiced stops, while the voiced stops series devoice thus taking their places. Cf. the reconstructed Proto-Lúsanic *pen-ja-r- | While quite similar to the Dhannic languages in many aspects, there are some striking differences. One of the most noticeable is the shifting of several inherited stops from Finio-Dhannic. In Finian, this development first described by Indo-European linguist Berthold von Walden manifests in its earliest stages as a fricativization of the unvoiced stops, while the voiced stops series devoice thus taking their places. Cf. the reconstructed Proto-Lúsanic *pen-ja-r-ōs with Finian ''finyarar'' ('that which is of the bog', 'bog-y') and its Dhannuán cognate ''penniaros'' which does not display the consonant shift (retaining ''p''). | ||
This can be summarised as the following set of changes (note that each phoneme takes a step right) | This can be summarised as the following set of changes (note that each phoneme takes a step right) | ||
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:<nowiki>*</nowiki>gʰ → g | :<nowiki>*</nowiki>gʰ → g | ||
Many of the idiosyncrasies of Finian have to do with the resulting development of these newly produced stops. Generally, these stops undergo fricativization resulting in the voiced fricatives /β/ and /ɣ/. Some | Many of the idiosyncrasies of Finian have to do with the resulting development of these newly produced stops. Generally, these stops undergo fricativization resulting in the voiced fricatives /β/ and /ɣ/. Some speakers though, appear to have replaced /β/ with /v/ as in /'valor/ ('flower') attested from inscriptions (there rendered as {{smallcaps|uualor}}). | ||
One relatively strange change is the change of this new-found /d/ to /l/ in the beginning of words. Although seemingly strange, it is not unparalleled with a similar development in Latin, cf. Latin ''lingua'' and Irish ''teanga'' with their reconstructed Proto-Indo-European ancestor '''*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s'''. | One relatively strange change is the change of this new-found /d/ to /l/ in the beginning of words. Although seemingly strange, it is not unparalleled with a similar development in Latin, cf. Latin ''lingua'' and Irish ''teanga'' with their reconstructed Proto-Indo-European ancestor '''*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s'''. | ||
===Epenthesis=== | |||
Like Dhannuá, Finian also exhibits anaptyxis (the addition of vowel sounds) but in more widespread environments. Finian does not appear to allow syllable onset clusters nor consonant clusters between word boundaries inserting a vowel to break these up (''a'', ''i''). Finian ''v'''a'''lor'' "flower" is the typical example showing a-insertion between v and l, cf. Dhannuán ''bhlór'' with no intruding ''a''. A similar phenomenon appears to occur at word boundaries, when consonant-final words encounter another consonant right after an i-insertion occurs between them, as in the question ''ist an '''i'''sa mii'' (lit. 'is that at me?', "Do I have it?") with the ''i'' inserted before ''sa''. This does not occur in with ''sa'' but with ''mii'' in the answer: ''sa ist imii'' (lit. 'that one is at me', "I have it"). | |||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Conlangs]] | ||
[[Category:Lúsanic_languages]] | [[Category:Lúsanic_languages]] | ||