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===Syntagmatic structure=== | ===Syntagmatic structure=== | ||
====Syllable structure==== | ====Syllable structure==== | ||
The PU syllable was simple in structure, consisting of a vowel nucleus and optional surrounding consonants: (C)V(C). The glides probably had a special status and could join the vowel nucleus without affecting the syllable structure (V = V, V''j'', V''w''). A word root (free morpheme) consisted of either one or two syllables and always ended in vowel: (C)V, (C)V(C)CV. Derivative elements and grammatical morphemes could be added to the roots by means of suffixation. These suffix | The PU syllable was simple in structure, consisting of a vowel nucleus and optional surrounding consonants: (C)V(C). The glides probably had a special status and could join the vowel nucleus without affecting the syllable structure (V = V, V''j'', V''w''). A word root (free morpheme) consisted of either one or two syllables and always ended in vowel: (C)V, (C)V(C)CV. Derivative elements and grammatical morphemes could be added to the roots by means of suffixation. These suffix elements (bound morphemes) consisted syntagmatically of either a single consonant, -C, or a whole syllable, -CV(C). Suffixes of a more complex structure also occured: -CCV; these were originally mainly combinations of suffixes. | ||
====Consonant distribution==== | ====Consonant distribution==== | ||
The occurence of of consonant phonemes in the syllable and within the word was restricted by only a few syntagmatic rules. The velar nasal *''ŋ'' and, in view of the lack of relevant etymological material also the vibrant ''*r'' and the spirant ''*ð'' never occured word-initially. The spirants ''*ð'' and ''*ð’'', as well as the palatal nasal ''*ń'' have not been attested in syllable-final position. At the boundary of two, syllables, the most typical consonant combinations were those of obstruent + obstruent and nasal + obstruent, but many other types of combinations also occured. Among the unrecorded and probably syntagmatically impossible combinations were those of the type obstruent + sonorant. Also, no reliable evidence exists for combinations of two identical segments (geminates). | The occurence of of consonant phonemes in the syllable and within the word was restricted by only a few syntagmatic rules. The velar nasal *''ŋ'' and, in view of the lack of relevant etymological material also the vibrant ''*r'' and the spirant ''*ð'' never occured word-initially. The spirants ''*ð'' and ''*ð’'', as well as the palatal nasal ''*ń'' have not been attested in syllable-final position. At the boundary of two, syllables, the most typical consonant combinations were those of obstruent + obstruent and nasal + obstruent, but many other types of combinations also occured. Among the unrecorded and probably syntagmatically impossible combinations were those of the type obstruent + sonorant. Also, no reliable evidence exists for combinations of two identical segments (geminates). | ||