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Varangian: Difference between revisions
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A verb can have up to stems: | A verb can have up to stems: | ||
*Primary present stem | *Primary present stem | ||
**Used in the infinitive, present participle, plural present tense, and imperative. | **Used in the infinitive, present participle, plural present tense (with u-umlaut), and imperative. | ||
*Secondary present stem | *Secondary present stem | ||
**Used in the singular present tense. | **Used in the singular present tense. | ||
**Either identical to the primary present stem, or derived from it via i-umlaut. | **Either identical to the primary present stem, or derived from it via i-umlaut. | ||
* | *Primary past stem | ||
**Used in the singular past tense. | **Used in the singular past tense. | ||
**In weak verbs and preterite-present verbs, it is formed from the primary present stem with the ending ''-ð-'' (or one of its allomorphs). | **In weak verbs and preterite-present verbs, it is formed from the primary present stem with the ending ''-ð-'' (or one of its allomorphs). | ||
**In strong verbs, it is formed by ablaut. Some strong verbs additionally add the ending ''-r-'' (takes weak verb endings). | **In strong verbs, it is formed by ablaut. Some strong verbs additionally add the ending ''-r-'' (takes weak verb endings). | ||
*Secondary past stem | |||
**Used in the plural past tense (with u-umlaut). | |||
**Identical to the primary past stem in the vast majority of verbs. | |||
*Past participle stem | *Past participle stem | ||
**Used for the past participle. | **Used for the past participle. | ||