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→Verb stems
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====Verb stems==== | ====Verb stems==== | ||
A verb can have up to 5 stems: | A verb can have up to 5 stems: | ||
*'''Primary present stem''' | *'''Primary present stem (represented as <Pr>)''' | ||
**Used in the plural present tense and the imperative. | **Used in the plural present tense and the imperative. | ||
*'''Secondary present stem | *'''Secondary present stem (represented as <Pr`>)''' | ||
**Used in the infinitive, present participle, and singular present tense. | **Used in the infinitive, present participle, and singular present tense. | ||
**Either identical to the primary present stem, or derived from it via i-umlaut. | **Either identical to the primary present stem, or derived from it via i-umlaut. | ||
*Primary past stem | *'''Primary past stem (represented as <Pa>)''' | ||
**Used in the | **Used in the plural past tense. | ||
**For weak verbs and preterite-present verbs, it is formed from the primary present stem with the ending ''-ð-'' (or one of its allomorphs). | **For weak verbs and preterite-present verbs, it is formed from the primary present stem with the ending ''-ð-'' (or one of its allomorphs). | ||
**For strong verbs, it is formed by ablaut. Some strong verbs additionally add the ending ''-r-'' followed by weak verb endings. | **For strong verbs, it is formed by ablaut. Some strong verbs additionally add the ending ''-r-'' followed by weak verb endings. | ||
*Secondary past stem | *'''Secondary past stem (represented as <Pa`>)''' | ||
**Used in the | **Used in the singular past tense. | ||
**Identical to the primary past stem for the | **Identical to the primary past stem for the majority of verbs. | ||
*Past participle stem | *'''Past participle stem (represented as <PP>)''' | ||
**Used in the past participle. | **Used in the past participle. | ||
**For weak verbs and preterite-present verbs, it is identical to the past stem. | **For weak verbs and preterite-present verbs, it is identical to the past stem. | ||