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Grekelin: Difference between revisions
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Orthography and case updates
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Grekelin ([[w:Autoglossonym|Autoglossonym]]: ''A | Grekelin ([[w:Autoglossonym|Autoglossonym]]: ''A gnújza Grekelénikin'', pronounced: /a ˈɡnʊd͡ʒɑ grːɛkɛˈlɛnikin/, lit. "The Grekelin language") is a [[w:Hellenic languages|Hellenic]] language with strong [[w:Hungarian Language|Hungarian]] influence. Grekelin split from [[w:Medieval Greek|Medieval Greek]] around the 12th century with the mass settlement of Hungary by Greek refugees, and has since then split for more than 9 centuries from Greek. | ||
As a related language to Greek, Grekelin shares with Greek multiple features although it remains more conservative than Standard Greek. However the language has become an SOV one (As opposed to most Indo-European languages which are SVO) due to extensive Hungarian influence. It's vocabulary has almost mostly remained Greek however Hungarian words can be found often in the language. Grekelin is the most isolated Hellenic language currently in the entire world, with about 1200 kilometers of language seperation. | As a related language to Greek, Grekelin shares with Greek multiple features although it remains more conservative than Standard Greek. However the language has become an SOV one (As opposed to most Indo-European languages which are SVO) due to extensive Hungarian influence. It's vocabulary has almost mostly remained Greek however Hungarian words can be found often in the language. Grekelin is the most isolated Hellenic language currently in the entire world, with about 1200 kilometers of language seperation. | ||
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! Case !! Singular !! Plural | ! Case !! Singular !! Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Nominative || (A) | | Nominative || (A) gnújza || (A) kegnújzek | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Genitive || | | Genitive || Ta gnújzas || Tak kegnújzes | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Accusative || Ecs | | Accusative || Ecs gnújza || Ecs kegnújzek | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Dative || | | Dative || Gnujzadúk || Kegnujzadúk | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Vocative || Oh | | Vocative || Oh gnújzae || Oh kegnújzaek | ||
|} | |} | ||
</center> | </center> | ||
==Geographic Distribution and Demographics== | ==Geographic Distribution and Demographics== | ||
Grekelin today has about 50 thousand speakers, spread out all across Central Europe. Out of them, 28.000 lived in Hungary, another 16.500 live in Serbia or Greece, and 15.500 live in Slovakia or Ukraine ([[w:Carpathia|Carpathia]]). It forms the majority language in villages of [[w:North Banat|North Banat]] and some spread out parts of [[w:Slovakia|Slovakia]] and [[w:Ukraine|Ukraine]]. It forms a significant language in Hungary and is also spoken in [[w:Greece|Greece]], primarily from learners | Grekelin today has about 50 thousand speakers, spread out all across Central Europe. Out of them, 28.000 lived in Hungary, another 16.500 live in Serbia or Greece, and 15.500 live in Slovakia or Ukraine ([[w:Carpathia|Carpathia]]). It forms the majority language in villages of [[w:North Banat|North Banat]] and some spread out parts of [[w:Slovakia|Slovakia]] and [[w:Ukraine|Ukraine]]. It forms a significant language in Hungary and is also spoken in [[w:Greece|Greece]], primarily from learners. The populations of Serbia and Slovakia speak the Slavic dialect whereas the Hungarian populations speak the Standard dialect. | ||
==Stress== | ==Stress== | ||
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The standard Grekelin dialect makes stressed syllables have longer length, a remnant of the Classical Greek vowel length feature. Slavic Grekelin instead makes all the phonemes have the same length. | The standard Grekelin dialect makes stressed syllables have longer length, a remnant of the Classical Greek vowel length feature. Slavic Grekelin instead makes all the phonemes have the same length. | ||
<small>''Doubled vowels are largely extinct in Modern Grekelin, as '''oo''' for example would become '''ojzo'''.''</small> | <small>''*Doubled vowels are largely extinct in Modern Grekelin, as '''oo''' for example would become '''ojzo'''.''</small> | ||
==Evolution== | ==Evolution== | ||
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Grekelin melted down much of Greek grammar, including the deletion of genders and moods. In addition, Grekelin is slowly turning from a fusional language to an agglutinative one: | Grekelin melted down much of Greek grammar, including the deletion of genders and moods. In addition, Grekelin is slowly turning from a fusional language to an agglutinative one: | ||
# Greek: '''Είδα τους ανθρώπους''' | # Greek: '''Είδα τους ανθρώπους''' | ||
# Grekelin: '''E | # Grekelin: '''E keleóttimek kíwlima''' | ||
Grekelin uses seperate particles for the plural, person, tense and recepient. | Grekelin uses seperate particles for the plural, person, tense and recepient. | ||
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| No || ''u'' || /u/ | | No || ''u'' || /u/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Hello! || '' | | Hello! || ''Jzóworzso!'' (Formal) / ''Gya!'' (Informal) || /'d͡ʒoβorʐo/ /ɟʲɑː/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Good morning! || ''Jo | | Good morning! || ''Jo regzétti!'' || /d͡ʒo rɛ'ɟkʰɛːti/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Good night! || ''Jo | | Good night! || ''Jo niktrá!'' || /d͡ʒo njk'tr̩ɑ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Have a nice day! || ''Eis | | Have a nice day! || ''Eis jódila sei!'' || /jis 'd͡ʒodilɑ si/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Goodbye! || '' | | Goodbye! || ''Wísontlataszra'' || /'visontɭatɑːʃr̩a/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Thank you! || '' | | Thank you! || ''Jzómmo!'' || /ˈd͡ʒomo/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Who? || ''Pkios?'' || /pkjoːs/ | | Who? || ''Pkios?'' || /pkjoːs/ | ||
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| What? || ''Ti?'' || /ti/ | | What? || ''Ti?'' || /ti/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| When? || '' | | When? || ''Pónte?'' || /ˈpo.ntɛ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Where? || ''Pe?'' || /pɛ/ | | Where? || ''Pe?'' || /pɛ/ | ||
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| How? || ''Posz?'' || /ˈpoʃ/ | | How? || ''Posz?'' || /ˈpoʃ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Why || '' | | Why || ''Jzátti?'' || /'d͡ʒati/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Again || '' | | Again || ''Uyrá'' || /ujˈrɑ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| What is your name? || ''Ti | | What is your name? || ''Ti entá a nóma sei?'' || /ti ɛnˈta ɑ ˈno.mɑ si/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| My name is... || ''A | | My name is... || ''A nóma mei entá ...''' || /ɑ ˈno.ma mi enˈtα/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Do you speak English? || '' | | Do you speak English? || ''Relalíte a egzlézikin?'' || /rɛ.ɫɑˈɫ̩ita ɑ ɛɟkʱˈɫɛ.zikiŋ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| I do not understand Grekelin. || ''U | | I do not understand Grekelin. || ''U nyõ a gnújza Grekelénikin.'' || /u ɲoː ɑ ˈɡnud͡ʒɑ ɡrɛˈkɛ.ɫɛnikiŋ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Help me! || '' | | Help me! || ''Woíttya!'' || /ˈvoˈitʲɑ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| How much is it? || '' | | How much is it? || ''Pószo entá?'' || /ˈpoʃo ɛnˈtɑ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| The study of Grekelin sharpens the mind. || '' | | The study of Grekelin sharpens the mind. || ''Máttkiszi ta Grekelénikis peiá a nu kowtoérta.'' || /'matkisi grːɛkɛˈlɛ.nikibiː pjɑ α nu kovtoˈɛr.ta/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Where are you from? || ''Pe | | Where are you from? || ''Pe énte ecs szy?'' || /pɛ ˈɛnte ɛt͡s ʃi/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
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===Slavic=== | ===Slavic=== | ||
The Slavic (''" | The Slavic (''"Dialékti Sláwin"'', "/djɑˈɫɛ.kti sɫɑvin/" or "/diaˈɫʲekta sɫɑvʲin/") dialect can be distinguished by some certain features that aren't present in Standard Grekelin: | ||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
<li>Skipping of the verb "to be" ( | <li>Skipping of the verb "to be" (énta) in the present tense (Dáwto énta egy wlemíni -> Dáwto egy wlemíni), if the subject can be assumed.</li> | ||
<li>The letter "u" represents the ''/ɨ/'' sound instead of the ''/u/'' one, when unstressed.</li> | <li>The letter "u" represents the ''/ɨ/'' sound instead of the ''/u/'' one, when unstressed.</li> | ||
<li>Borrow of Slavic words instead of using Grekelin ones (''A | <li>Borrow of Slavic words instead of using Grekelin ones (''A kárka'' -> ''A sztúlla'').</li> | ||
<li>Preserving the dative case (Eis a | <li>Preserving the dative case (Eis a míra -> A mirajdú) (NOTE: The dative case fixes the stress on the last syllable, which must be an ''u'').</li> | ||
</ul> | </ul> | ||
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<li>Skipping the final vowel in pronounciation, if it's a short one (y or i). | <li>Skipping the final vowel in pronounciation, if it's a short one (y or i). | ||
<li>"E" does not use the Proto-Grekelin "''/eː/''" sound but the Urlogrok "''/ε/''". | <li>"E" does not use the Proto-Grekelin "''/eː/''" sound but the Urlogrok "''/ε/''". | ||
<li>/k/ has replaced /s/ in many grammatical rules: Greek "Τους λέοντες" vs Grekelin "E | <li>/k/ has replaced /s/ in many grammatical rules: Greek "Τους λέοντες" vs Grekelin "E keléontek".</li> | ||
<li>Higher effect of soft and hard Tsitakismos (/j/, /i/ become /d͡ʒ/, /k/ becomes /t͡s/, etc), similar to multiple Greek dialects. | <li>Higher effect of soft and hard Tsitakismos (/j/, /i/ become /d͡ʒ/, /k/ becomes /t͡s/, etc), similar to multiple Greek dialects. | ||
<li>Rarely, voiced consonants become voiceless when unstressed</li> | <li>Rarely, voiced consonants become voiceless when unstressed</li> | ||
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<i>I would like a coffee and biscuits, thank you.</i><br> | <i>I would like a coffee and biscuits, thank you.</i><br> | ||
<b>Grekelin</b><br> | <b>Grekelin</b><br> | ||
<i>(Go) | <i>(Go) tílko egy káve kia kebiszkótek, jzommo.</i><br> | ||
===Lord's prayer=== | ===Lord's prayer=== | ||
{{Col-begin}} | {{Col-begin}} | ||
{{col-n|2}} | {{col-n|2}} | ||
:: | :: Pátri kemék | ||
:: eis | :: eis oúrana éntase | ||
:: eis agiasy | :: eis agiasy nóma sei, | ||
:: eis repatismy wasiley sei | :: eis repatismy wasiley sei | ||
:: eis pissi thilkin sei | :: eis pissi thilkin sei | ||