8,553
edits
Dundulanyä: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
m
→Personal agreement
| Line 1,036: | Line 1,036: | ||
| - || śrau || - || - || - || - || śrāvevu || śrauḫo || - | | - || śrau || - || - || - || - || śrāvevu || śrauḫo || - | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Copula==== | |||
The Dundulanyä copula is '''ga'''; however, it is not a verb, but an invariable particle which links two nouns: | |||
: ''hine saṃhāram '''ga''' ṣurlāke.'' "This boy is Ṣurlāke." | |||
: ''kālomīye '''ga''' ñältahbu.'' "Kālomīye is my sister." | |||
: ''lalāruṇai fanēyai kuka '''ga''' iraḍai.'' "Lalāruṇai<ref>Giant domestic lizards endemic to central Lusaṃrīte: in Dundulanyä culture and history they have a role similar to horses.</ref> and capybaras are animals." | |||
In any role outside of the direct knowledge indicative present, the copula is replaced by the (regular) verb ''jall-'': | |||
: ''kālomīye dariśah '''jalle'''.'' "Kālomīye was a dancer." | |||
: ''kālomīye dariśah '''jallisya'''.'' "Kālomīye will be a dancer." | |||
However, whenever temporal adverbs that imply a non-present tense are found, '''ga''' is used instead: | |||
: ''prānilau kālomīye '''ga''' dariśah.'' "Tomorrow, Kālomīye will be a dancer." | |||
The same particle '''ga''' doubles as an adpositive particle, joining nouns together in noun phrases: | |||
: ''śaṃḫe '''ga''' hufāne '''ga''' śidrañjiḫe.'' "The word 'śaṃḫe' is a pronoun." (first ''ga'' adpositive; second ''ga'' copula) | |||
The negative copula is simply '''idu''' (not), with the same usage and the same replacement verb: | |||
: ''hine saṃhāram '''idu''' ṣurlāke.'' "This boy is not Ṣurlāke." | |||
: ''kālomīye '''idu''' ñältahbu.'' "Kālomīye is not my sister." | |||
: ''prānilau kālomīye '''idu''' dariśah.'' "Tomorrow, Kālomīye will not be a dancer." | |||
: ''kālomīye dariśah '''jalliṣiga va'''.'' "Kālomīye will not be a dancer." | |||
===Numerals (''dhujāvāmi'')=== | ===Numerals (''dhujāvāmi'')=== | ||