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Norþimris: Difference between revisions
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The period ''c.''1100-1600 is called Early Norþimris. At the start of this period the language was really indistinguishable from the Anglian dialects of late Old and early Middle English, but as English (and Scots) became increasingly influenced by French and Medieval Latin the differences increased. During this period, Norþimris lost most of its remaining inflexions and underwent important phonological changes culminating in the Great Vowel Shift. As a language of government, law and literature it became increasingly flexible and sophisticated. | The period ''c.''1100-1600 is called Early Norþimris. At the start of this period the language was really indistinguishable from the Anglian dialects of late Old and early Middle English, but as English (and Scots) became increasingly influenced by French and Medieval Latin the differences increased. During this period, Norþimris lost most of its remaining inflexions and underwent important phonological changes culminating in the Great Vowel Shift. As a language of government, law and literature it became increasingly flexible and sophisticated. | ||
Modern Norþimris is said to begin ''c.''1600 when the Protestant Reformation and the Renaissance encouraged efforts to standardise and describe the language, and simultaneously increased borrowing from Classical and Romance sources. During this period Norþimris became the language of religion alongside government and literature, and from the late 18th century it increasingly became a 'popular' language with written forms more representative of the spoken language. The spelling system of | Modern Norþimris is said to begin ''c.''1600 when the Protestant Reformation and the Renaissance encouraged efforts to standardise and describe the language, and simultaneously increased borrowing from Classical and Romance sources. During this period Norþimris became the language of religion alongside government and literature, and from the late 18th century it increasingly became a 'popular' language with written forms more representative of the spoken language. The spelling system of Þoruyff Þorsteynsun, published in 1877, was adopted as the official written form in 1884 and has remained in use ever since. | ||
===External=== | ===External=== | ||
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| style="text-align:left;" | in final, unstressed syllables | | style="text-align:left;" | in final, unstressed syllables | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''uy'' | ||
| /ʊw/ | | /ʊw/ | ||
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* as in English, ''hi/hei'' are used for male humans, ''su/scheu'' for females and ''hit'' for inanimate objects. | * as in English, ''hi/hei'' are used for male humans, ''su/scheu'' for females and ''hit'' for inanimate objects. | ||
* Norþimris maintains a T/V distinction, in which 2nd person plural ''yei'' etc. can be used as formal 'you' when addressing a single person. Its use is generally more restricted than in many European languages, only used in particularly formal situations and not necessarily expected when speaking to elders or strangers. | * Norþimris maintains a T/V distinction, in which 2nd person plural ''yei'' etc. can be used as formal 'you' when addressing a single person. Its use is generally more restricted than in many European languages, only used in particularly formal situations and not necessarily expected when speaking to elders or strangers. | ||
* there is an informal use of ''us/ | * there is an informal use of ''us/uys'' in place of ''mi/mie'' (e.g. ''gie us hit'' 'give me it'). | ||
The '''genitive''' pronouns have dependent and independent forms, used like the nominal equivalents. | The '''genitive''' pronouns have dependent and independent forms, used like the nominal equivalents. | ||
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! style="width: 500px;" | Norþimris !! style="width: 500px;" | English | ! style="width: 500px;" | Norþimris !! style="width: 500px;" | English | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Þt Dreet Beid''' <br> | | '''Þt Dreet Beid''' <br> Uyr Faðer at is in hefen <br> Halud siy ðiy neam <br> Ðiy cinric becum <br> Ðiy wil wurð deon <br> On erd auṡ in hefen <br> Gie uss uyr deylie leaff todey <br> An fergie uss uyr scilds <br> Auṡ wie fergie uyr scildiers <br> Leid not uss til costing <br> Auh free uss frea il <br> Þiyn is 't cinric an 't meyn an 't wuyder, for-ea <br> Amen | ||
| '''The Lord's Prayer''' <br> Our father who is in heaven <br> Hallowed be thy name <br> Thy kingdom come <br> Thy will be done <br> On earth as it is in heaven <br> Give us this day our daily bread <br> And forgive us our sins <br> As we forgive those who sin against us <br> Lead us not into temptation <br> But deliver us from evil <br> Thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory, forever <br> Amen | | '''The Lord's Prayer''' <br> Our father who is in heaven <br> Hallowed be thy name <br> Thy kingdom come <br> Thy will be done <br> On earth as it is in heaven <br> Give us this day our daily bread <br> And forgive us our sins <br> As we forgive those who sin against us <br> Lead us not into temptation <br> But deliver us from evil <br> Thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory, forever <br> Amen | ||
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! style="width: 500px;" | Norþimris !! style="width: 500px;" | English | ! style="width: 500px;" | Norþimris !! style="width: 500px;" | English | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''''''T Neit Ward Eaþ'''''<br /> ''Neit gaðers an | | ''''''T Neit Ward Eaþ'''''<br /> ''Neit gaðers an nuy agins miy ward.''<br /> ''Hit sal not end oð miy deeþ.''<br /> ''Ic sal tac nea wiyff, haud nea lands, faðer nea barns.''<br /> ''Ic sal beer nea bey an adel nea reuþ.''<br /> ''Ic sal leef an dey at miy stau.''<br /> ''Ic is 't sord in 't mirc. Ic is 't weacer on 't waus.''<br /> ''Ic is 't scheild at wards 't riycs o men.''<br /> ''Ic wed miy liyff an miyn ear til 't Neit Ward, þruh ðiss neit an ilc neit heðen.'' | ||
| '''The Night's Watch Pledge'''<br /> Night gathers, and now my watch begins.<br /> It shall not end until my death.<br /> I shall take no wife, hold no lands, father no children.<br /> I shall wear no crowns and win no glory.<br /> I shall live and die at my post.<br /> I am the sword in the darkness. I am the watcher on the walls.<br /> I am the shield that guards the realms of men.<br /> I pledge my life and honour to the Night's Watch, for this night and all the nights to come.<br /> | | '''The Night's Watch Pledge'''<br /> Night gathers, and now my watch begins.<br /> It shall not end until my death.<br /> I shall take no wife, hold no lands, father no children.<br /> I shall wear no crowns and win no glory.<br /> I shall live and die at my post.<br /> I am the sword in the darkness. I am the watcher on the walls.<br /> I am the shield that guards the realms of men.<br /> I pledge my life and honour to the Night's Watch, for this night and all the nights to come.<br /> | ||
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