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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Nouns=== | |||
===Verbal | Nominal morphology is sparse in Van. Number is not marked, but definiteness and state of possession is (both with syncretic: ''ha-''). | ||
===Demonstratives and quantifiers=== | |||
===Pronouns=== | |||
===Verbal inflection=== | |||
Verbs are morphologically simple in Van and the few inflections which exist compound in an agglutinative fashion according to the following principle: '''stem''' + '''mode''' + '''voice'''. | Verbs are morphologically simple in Van and the few inflections which exist compound in an agglutinative fashion according to the following principle: '''stem''' + '''mode''' + '''voice'''. | ||
====Mode==== | ====Mode==== | ||
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====Voice==== | ====Voice==== | ||
Two voices are recognised in Van, the active ({{sc|act}}) and the nonactive ({{sc|nonact}}). Of these, the default voice is the active one which is unmarked. The nonactive is indicated by an '''-s''' suffix. | Two voices are recognised in Van, the active ({{sc|act}}) and the nonactive ({{sc|nonact}}). Of these, the default voice is the active one which is unmarked. The nonactive is indicated by an '''-s''' suffix. | ||
===Derivational morphology=== | ===Derivational morphology=== | ||
==== | ====Derived verbs==== | ||
It is quite easy to create new verbs: any noun or stem can be turned into a verb by adding the appropriate mode suffix ('''-a''' for dynamic verbs or '''-e''' for stative verbs). | |||
====Derived nouns==== | |||
There are several semantically-restricted options for creating a new noun from a verb. | There are several semantically-restricted options for creating a new noun from a verb. | ||
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*'''ha-tok''' ‘a chicken’ → '''ha-toktok''' {{CIPA|[ʔa̰d̪ɔg̚d̪ɔ̰k̞͡x̞]}} ‘poultry’ | *'''ha-tok''' ‘a chicken’ → '''ha-toktok''' {{CIPA|[ʔa̰d̪ɔg̚d̪ɔ̰k̞͡x̞]}} ‘poultry’ | ||
*'''ha-lilov''' ‘a being’ → '''ha-lililov''' ‘humanity’ ( and not **ha-lilovlilov) | *'''ha-lilov''' ‘a being’ → '''ha-lililov''' ‘humanity’ ( and not **ha-lilovlilov) | ||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||