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Dundulanyä: Difference between revisions
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→Verbs (darūmmai)
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Verbs have four stems: present, past, perfect and frequentative; the latter two are always distinct, while non-ablauting roots have the same stems for the present and the past. These stems are used with different sets of personal agreement endings; different combinations of stems and endings are used to form a variety of tense-aspect combinations. | Verbs have four stems: present, past, perfect and frequentative; the latter two are always distinct, while non-ablauting roots have the same stems for the present and the past. These stems are used with different sets of personal agreement endings; different combinations of stems and endings are used to form a variety of tense-aspect combinations. | ||
A few irregular verbs have suppletive stems, and a smaller number of verbs is defective, lacking one or more stems. However, the vast majority of Dundulanyä verbs is regular, with apparent irregularities being explained by irregular or peculiar behavior of the verb roots themselves (especially class I ones), in verbs such as ''śadah'' "I am asked" - ''āḍan'' "I was asked" - ''āḍam'' "I have been asked", ''āḍ-'' being the regular zero grade of the class I root ''śad-''<ref>Cf. the reconstructed Pre-Dundulanyä forms *śad-, *(ǝ)śd-, and the evolution of the latter {{IPA|*[ǝʐɖ]}} → {{IPA|*[ǝːɖ]}} → {{IPA|[aːɖ]}}.</ref>. | A few irregular verbs have suppletive stems, and a smaller number of verbs is defective, lacking one or more stems. However, the vast majority of Dundulanyä verbs is regular, with apparent irregularities being explained by irregular or peculiar behavior of the verb roots themselves (especially class I ones), e.g. in verbs such as ''śadah'' "I am asked" - ''āḍan'' "I was asked" - ''āḍam'' "I have been asked", ''āḍ-'' being the regular zero grade of the class I root ''śad-''<ref>Cf. the reconstructed Pre-Dundulanyä forms *śad-, *(ǝ)śd-, and the evolution of the latter {{IPA|*[ǝʐɖ]}} → {{IPA|*[ǝːɖ]}} → {{IPA|[aːɖ]}}.</ref>. | ||
====Root incorporation==== | ====Root incorporation==== | ||