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Dundulanyä: Difference between revisions
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→Positional-classificatory verbs
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| (-edīya) || (utūṣa) || (achāsa) || ''-√de-'' <small>(II)</small> || ''√tvoṣ-'' <small>(III)</small> || ''√chās-'' <small>(0)</small> || - || - || - || ''√khol-'' <small>(III)</small> || ''√khol-'' <small>(III)</small> || - | | (-edīya) || (utūṣa) || (achāsa) || ''-√de-'' <small>(II)</small> || ''√tvoṣ-'' <small>(III)</small> || ''√chās-'' <small>(0)</small> || - || - || - || ''√khol-'' <small>(III)</small> || ''√khol-'' <small>(III)</small> || - | ||
|} | |} | ||
=====To wear, put on, take off===== | |||
Dundulanyä does not have a single verb for "to wear", "to put on", or "to take off" when related to clothing: instead, there is a subset of positional-classificatory verbs dependent on the part of the body the piece of clothing is worn on. | |||
Unlike other positional-classificatory verbs, most of these verbs are not root verbs, but are formed with otherwise no longer productive denominal derivations (''-ā-'' or a chroneme). | |||
These verbs are completely regular and built in a logical way and are always used with a specific positional prefix (see, however, the "long sleeves" and "blanket" verbs, which have the same root but a different prefix). | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Clothing type/body part !! To wear/to put on !! To take off !! Related root | |||
|- | |||
| Any clothing bandaged around the body, plus most things worn around the trunk<br/><small>(Most generic verb, but does not cover all other meanings)</small> || kamidrāh<br/>kamyadrām<br/>(kami-dr-ā-) || kamidrāyah<br/>(kami-dr-ā-y-) || ''dra'' "trunk" | |||
|- | |||
| Shoes, socks, anything else on the feet and/or ankles || kamijunāyāh<br/>kamyujunāyām<br/>(kami-junai-ā-) || kamijunēyah<br/>(kami-junai-ā-y-<ref>Irregular saṃdhi, a contraction of *kami-junāyāyah.</ref>) || ''junai'' "foot" | |||
|- | |||
| Head and neck <small>(hats, caps, tiaras, necklaces...)</small> || nibumbīh<br/>nyubumbīm<br/>(ni-bumbi-:-) || nibumbīyah<br/>(ni-bumbi-:-y-) || ''bumbi'' "head" | |||
|- | |||
| Hands, wrists <small>(gloves, bracelets...)</small> || kamihäɂlīh<br/>kamyahäɂlīm<br/>(kami-häɂli-:-) || kamihäɂlīyah<br/>(kami-häɂli-:-y-) || ''häɂli'' "hand" | |||
|- | |||
| Legs (except bandaged-around clothing that also covers the trunk)<br/>Trousers, pants || gānādɂāh<br/>gānādɂām<br/>(gā-nādɂ-ā-) || gānādɂāyah<br/>(gā-nādɂ-ā-y-) || ''nādah'' "leg" | |||
|- | |||
| Something with (long) sleeves || nisnīghah<br/>nīsnīgham<br/>(ni-snīgh-) || nisnīghyah<br/>(ni-snīgh-y-) || rowspan=2 | itself a root √snīgh- (0) "to cover" | |||
|- | |||
| Blankets (not worn) || snīghah (isnīgham)<br/>kamisnīghah (kamīsnīgham)<br/>(kami-snīgh-) || kamisnīghyah<br/>(kami-snīgh-y-) | |||
|} | |||
"To wear" and "to be wearing" may be expressed most commonly with the perfect form, but sometimes the patient-trigger forms are interpreted this way; the frequentative is always used with this meaning. "To put on" is commonly emphasized by using the agent trigger; as shown above, "to put off" is expressed by using the ablative motion marker ''-y-''. | |||
====Telicity in perception verbs==== | ====Telicity in perception verbs==== | ||