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Valtamic (view source)

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* /f v/ are pronounced as approximants [ʋ̊ ʋ].
* /f v/ are pronounced as approximants [ʋ̊ ʋ].
* /θ/ only appears in the cluster ⟨tr⟩ /θr/.
* /θ/ only appears in the cluster ⟨tr⟩ /θr/.
* /s/ is pronounced as apical/retracted [s̺] while /t͡s/, like /t/, is pronounced as dental/laminal [t̪͡s̪]. /t͡s/ de-affricates when unstressed and non-initial, giving rise to an apical/laminal distinction [s̺] [s̻] in unstressed syllables, as seen in words like ⟨uhsoucux⟩ /ˈɯxsut͡sɯx/ [ˈɯˑχs̺ʊˌs̪ωχ].
* /s/ is pronounced as apical/retracted [s̺] while /t͡s/, like /t/, is pronounced as dental/laminal [t̪͡s̪]. /t͡s/ de-affricates when unstressed and non-initial, giving rise to an apical/laminal distinction [s̺] [s̻] in unstressed syllables, as seen in words like ⟨uhsoucuh⟩ /ˈɯxsut͡sɯx/ [ˈɯˑχs̺ʊˌs̪ωχ].
* /z/ appears in modern loanwords but is, in practice, in free variation with /ɕ/.
* /z/ appears in modern loanwords but is, in practice, in free variation with /ɕ/.
* /x l w/ are pronounced as [χ ɫ w] near back vowels and [x̟ l ɥ] near front vowels.
* /x l w/ are pronounced as [χ ɫ w] near back vowels and [x̟ l ɥ] near front vowels.
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===Cyrillic orthographies===
<sup>[c]</sup> non-native and restricted to loanwords


====Russian Cyrillic alphabet====
<sup>[d]</sup> ''ľ'' and ''ṅ'' are only used word-finally like in ⟨{{c|veľ}}⟩ and ⟨{{c|terleṅ}}⟩.


====Liturgical Cyrillic alphabet====
<sup>[e]</sup> see [[Valtamic#Consonants|phonology]]
 
===Russian Cyrillic alphabet===
During Soviet occupation, a Cyrillic orthography was created and is still in use by Valtamic communities in Russia
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ '''Vowels'''
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | Grapheme
! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | Sound (IPA)
! rowspan="2" | Grapheme
! colspan="2" | Sound (IPA)
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! <small>Stressed</small>
! <small>Unstressed</small>
! <small>Stressed</small>
! <small>Unstressed</small>
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | а
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ɑ̝(ˑ)]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ʌ]
| ө
| [ɤ̞(ˑ)]
| [ɜ]
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ә
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [æ(ˑ)]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ɛ]
| у
| [ɯ(ˑ)]
| [ω]
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | е
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [je̞(ˑ)]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [jɛ]
| ӱ
| [wɯ(ˑ)]
| [wω]
|-
| ё
| [jɵ̞(ˑ)]
| [jɞ] ''or'' [jɐ]
| ү
| [y(ˑ)]
| [ʏ]
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | и
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [i(ˑ)]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ɪ]
| ы
| [ɨ(ˑ)]
| [ᵻ]
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ї
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ji(ˑ)]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [jɪ]
| э
| [e̞(ˑ)]
| [ɛ]
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | о
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [o̞(ˑ)]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ɔ] ''or'' [ɔ̞]
| ю
| [jɨ(ˑ)] ''or'' [jʉ(ˑ)]
| [jᵻ] ''or'' [jᵿ]
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | оу
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [u(ˑ)]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ʊ]
| я
| [jä̝(ˑ)]
| [jɐ]
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ '''Consonants'''
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! Grapheme
! Sound (IPA)
! Grapheme
! Sound (IPA)
|-
| б
| [b]
| н
| [n]
|-
| в
| [ʋ]
| нь
| [ɲ]
|-
| г
| [ɡ]
| п
| [p]
|-
| д
| [d]
| р
| [ɾ]
|-
| дз <sup>[a]</sup>
| [d͡z]
| с
| [s̺]
|-
| дж <sup>[a]</sup>
| [d͡ʐ] ~ [d͡ʑ]
| т
| [t̪]
|-
| ж
| [ʐ] ~ [ʑ]
| ў
| [w]
|-
| з
| [ɕ] or [z] <sup>[b]</sup>
| ф
| [ʋ̊]
|-
| һ
| [ɦ]
| х
| [x]
|-
| й
| [j]
| ц
| [t̪͡s̪]
|-
| к
| [k]
| ч
| [t͡ʂ] ~ [t͡ɕ]
|-
| л
| [l̪]
| ш
| [ʂ]
|-
| ль
| [ʎ]
| щ <sup>[a]</sup>
| [ɕ] or [z] <sup>[b]</sup>
|-
| м
| [m]
|
|
|}
 
<sup>[a]</sup> non-native and restricted to loanwords
 
<sup>[b]</sup> see [[Valtamic#Consonants|phonology]]


==Grammar==
==Grammar==
Vrianne
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