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Nawuhu: Difference between revisions
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'''Nawuhu'''(''na'a wúhu'', <small>Nawuhu:</small> [[ | '''Nawuhu'''(''na'a wúhu'', <small>Nawuhu:</small> [[IPA for Nawuhu|[ˀna.a ˈwu.ɦu]]]), also called '''Wuhu''' or '''Nauhu''' is a language isolate that was once predominantly spoken by the inhabitants of Wuhu Island(''wúhu'', ''akka wúhu'' [[IPA for Nawuhu|[ak.ka ˈwu.ɦu]]]). It was spoken primarily by the civilisation that probably encompassed the entire island, the ruins of which can be seen on the southern half of the island.<ref>See [https://wuhugov.neocities.org/html/history].</ref> Today, it is only spoken by around 90 native speakers, and ''Ethnologue'' marks Nawuhu as a definitely endangered language. | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
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/h/ and /ɦ/ are interchangeable, but most speakers only pronounced /ɦ/ in intervocalic positions(between vowels), hence the /ɦ/ in ''[[Contionary:wúhu|wú'''h'''u]]''. | /h/ and /ɦ/ are interchangeable, but most speakers only pronounced /ɦ/ in intervocalic positions(between vowels), hence the /ɦ/ in ''[[Contionary:wúhu|wú'''h'''u]]''. | ||
====Glottalisation==== | ====Glottalisation==== | ||
Though glottal stops do not occur phonemically in Nawuhu, some consonants are pre-glottalised at the beginning of a word, usually /n/, /m/ and /ŋ/. This glottalisation is not marked, mainly because Mark Mii, the creator of the Mark Mii romanisation system, never actually noticed the phonemic pre-glottalisation when researching the language. However, subsequent studies that interrogated actual native speakers did note the phonemic difference, with one research paper noting that one | Though glottal stops do not occur phonemically in Nawuhu, some consonants are pre-glottalised at the beginning of a word, usually /n/, /m/ and /ŋ/. This glottalisation is not marked, mainly because Mark Mii, the creator of the Mark Mii romanisation system, never actually noticed the phonemic pre-glottalisation when researching the language. However, subsequent studies that interrogated actual native speakers did note the phonemic difference, with one research paper noting that one participant reportedly joked that a foreigner they had met greeted them with ''yeniye ngala!'' [[IPA for Nawuhu|[jenije ŋala]]], meaning "Give us the spider!", instead of what the participant believed the foreigner wanted to say, ''yeniye *ngala!''(The asterisk is a common unofficial way to note pre-glottalisation) [[IPA for Nawuhu|[jenije ˀŋala]]], meaning "Welcome [to my home]!". | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||