User:Chrysophylax/fd: Difference between revisions

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#merge centum: [+palatal +velar] → [-palatal +velar]
#merge centum: [+palatal +velar] → [-palatal +velar]
#: ''*ḱléwos'' → ''*klewos''
#: ''*ḱléwos'' → ''*klewos'' ‘fame’
#dental separation and simplification: TT → TsT → *ss
#dental separation and simplification: TT → TsT → *ss
#: *''bʰreud-tós'' → ''*bʰreussós''  
#: *''bʰreud-tós'' → ''*bʰreussós'' ‘broken’
#metathesis of thorn clusters: TK > KT
#metathesis of thorn clusters: TK > KT
#: ''*h₂rtkos'' → ''*h₂rktos''
#: ''*h₂rtkos'' → ''*h₂rktos'' ‘bear’
#loss of laryngeals before vowel (triple reflex, Greek-style)
#loss of laryngeals before vowel (triple reflex, Greek-style)
#: *h₁e → *e~i
#: *h₁e → *e~i
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#: *eh₃ → *ō
#: *eh₃ → *ō
#epenthetic *ə inserted before syllabic resonants
#epenthetic *ə inserted before syllabic resonants
#: ''*septṃ'' → ''*septəm''
#: ''*septṃ'' → ''*septəm'' ‘seven’
#loss of laryngeal between two consonants: (CHC → CəC)
#loss of laryngeal between two consonants: (CHC → CəC)
#: *H → *ə  (except: #_R where *H → h)
#: *H → *ə  (except: #_R where *H → h)
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# nasal + velar → *nn
# nasal + velar → *nn
# PT, KT join TT in → *ss
# PT, KT join TT in → *ss
#: ''*kh₂ptós'' → ''*kəssós''
#: ''*kh₂ptós'' → ''*kəssós'' ‘taken’
#merger of *ə and short *a
#merger of *ə and short *a
#fricativization and devoicing of syllable-initial velar consonants before *w, *r, *l
#fricativization and devoicing of syllable-initial velar consonants before *w, *r, *l
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#lengthening of *a in closed and stressed syllables
#lengthening of *a in closed and stressed syllables
#labiovelar sequences simplify to *w / V_V
#labiovelar sequences simplify to *w / V_V
#: ''*ákwā'' → *''áwā''
#: ''*ákwā'' → *''áwā'' ‘water’
#raising of *o after *w
#raising of *o after *w
#:''*déywos'' → ''*déywus''
#:''*déywos'' → ''*déywus'' ‘god’
#[-voice +stop] → [+voice +stop] / R_V
#[-voice +stop] → [+voice +stop] / R_V
#lowering of *e → *æ when following syllable has a low vowel. (active surface filter)
#lowering of *e → *æ when following syllable has a low vowel. (active surface filter)
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#Shift to strong initial expiratory stress
#Shift to strong initial expiratory stress
# *p *t *k → *β *ð *ɣ / V_V, R_
# *p *t *k → *β *ð *ɣ / V_V, R_
#: ''*kā́pyæān'' → ''*kā́βyæān''  
#: ''*kā́pyæān'' → ''*kā́βyæān'' ‘I seize’
# *z → *r / V_V, V_#
# *z → *r / V_V, V_#
#: ''*wī́uz'' → ''*wīur''
#: ''*wī́uz'' → ''*wīur'' ‘alive’
#merger of locative and instrumental cases
#merger of locative and instrumental cases
# *x → *s / _s
# *x → *s / _s
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|}</ref>
|}</ref>
# fortition of *β *ð *ɣ → *bʰ *dʰ *gʰ
# fortition of *β *ð *ɣ → *bʰ *dʰ *gʰ
#: ''*néβāt'' → ''*nébʰāt''
#: ''*néβāt'' → ''*nébʰāt'' ‘nephew’
# unstressed *ē → ai (operating during period of contraction)
# unstressed *ē → ai (operating during period of contraction)
#: ''*pádʰēr'' → ''*pádʰair''
#: ''*pádʰēr'' → ''*pádʰair'' ‘father’
# contraction
# contraction
#: *o + *e → *ē
#: *o + *e → *ē
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#: ''*hrāra'' → ''*rāra'' ( < *Hroseh₂ )  
#: ''*hrāra'' → ''*rāra'' ( < *Hroseh₂ )  
#shortening of long final vowels after a stressed syllable
#shortening of long final vowels after a stressed syllable
#: ''*wórān'' → ''*wóran'' ( < *gʷʰor-éy-oh₂-m)
#: ''*wórān'' → ''*wóran'' ‘prepare’ ( < *gʷʰor-éy-oh₂-m)
#vocalisation of semi-vowels / #C_V
#vocalisation of semi-vowels / #C_V
#: ''*dyáur'' → ''*diáur''
#: ''*dyáur'' → ''*diáur''  
#<s>V:, V:C and VCC become standard</s>
#<s>V:, V:C and VCC become standard</s>
#<s>: ''*wóran'' → ''*wṓrann'' </s>
#<s>: ''*wóran'' → ''*wṓrann'' </s>

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