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Jovlish: Difference between revisions
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==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
===Syntax=== | |||
Jovlish exhibits [[w:Subject–object–verb word order|subject–object–verb]] (SOV) word order by default, though in practice its word order is relatively flexible: | |||
* in declarative clauses, SOV is by far the most common word order. | |||
** <span style="background-color:#ffa5a5">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|Onton}}</span> <span style="background-color:#a6aeff">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|es}}</span> <span style="background-color:#adffa6">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|bók}}</span> <span style="background-color:#ffd9a6">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|eza}}</span> — ''<span style="background-color:#ffa5a5">Onton</span> <span style="background-color:#a6aeff">es</span> <span style="background-color:#adffa6">bók</span> <span style="background-color:#ffd9a6">eza</span>'' — "<span style="background-color:#ffa5a5">Anton</span> <span style="background-color:#ffd9a6">read</span> <span style="background-color:#a6aeff">his</span> <span style="background-color:#adffa6">book</span>" | |||
* negation tends to shift the word order to VSO. | |||
** <span style="background-color:#a6f6ff">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|n}}</span><span style="background-color:#ffd9a6">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|eza}}</span> <span style="background-color:#ffa5a5">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|Onton}}</span> <span style="background-color:#a6aeff">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|es}}</span> <span style="background-color:#adffa6">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|bók}}</span> — ''<span style="background-color:#a6f6ff">n</span><span style="background-color:#ffd9a6">eza</span> <span style="background-color:#ffa5a5">Onton</span> <span style="background-color:#a6aeff">es</span> <span style="background-color:#adffa6">bók</span>'' — "<span style="background-color:#ffa5a5">Anton</span> <span style="background-color:#a6f6ff">did not</span> <span style="background-color:#ffd9a6">read</span> <span style="background-color:#a6aeff">his</span> <span style="background-color:#adffa6">book</span>" | |||
* interrogative clauses also do the same. | |||
** <span style="background-color:#ffd9a6">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|eza}}</span> <span style="background-color:#ffa5a5">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|Onton}}</span> <span style="background-color:#a6aeff">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|es}}</span> <span style="background-color:#adffa6">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|bók}}</span>{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|?}} — ''<span style="background-color:#ffd9a6">eza</span> <span style="background-color:#ffa5a5">Onton</span> <span style="background-color:#a6aeff">es</span> <span style="background-color:#adffa6">bók</span>?'' — "<span style="background-color:#ffd9a6">did</span> <span style="background-color:#ffa5a5">Anton</span> <span style="background-color:#ffd9a6">read</span> <span style="background-color:#a6aeff">his</span> <span style="background-color:#adffa6">book</span>?" | |||
*... though interrogative clauses using SOV is of generally equal distribution. | |||
** <span style="background-color:#ffa5a5">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|Onton}}</span> <span style="background-color:#a6aeff">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|es}}</span> <span style="background-color:#adffa6">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|bók}}</span> <span style="background-color:#ffd9a6">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|eza}}</span>{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|?}} — ''<span style="background-color:#ffa5a5">Onton</span> <span style="background-color:#a6aeff">es</span> <span style="background-color:#adffa6">bók</span> <span style="background-color:#ffd9a6">eza</span>?'' — "<span style="background-color:#ffd9a6">did</span> <span style="background-color:#ffa5a5">Anton</span> <span style="background-color:#ffd9a6">read</span> <span style="background-color:#a6aeff">his</span> <span style="background-color:#adffa6">book</span>?" | |||
* interrogative pronouns are placed clause-initially but do not interfere with verb placement. | |||
** <span style="background-color:#a6aeff">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|fat}}</span> <span style="background-color:#ffd9a6">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|eza}}</span> <span style="background-color:#ffa5a5">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|Onton}}</span>{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|?}} — ''<span style="background-color:#a6aeff">fat</span> <span style="background-color:#ffd9a6">eza</span> <span style="background-color:#ffa5a5">Onton</span>?'' — "<span style="background-color:#a6aeff">what</span> <span style="background-color:#ffd9a6">did</span> <span style="background-color:#ffa5a5">Anton</span> <span style="background-color:#ffd9a6">read</span>?" | |||
** <span style="background-color:#a6aeff">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|fat}}</span> <span style="background-color:#ffa5a5">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|Onton}}</span> <span style="background-color:#ffd9a6">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|eza}}</span>{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|?}} — ''<span style="background-color:#a6aeff">fat</span> <span style="background-color:#ffa5a5">Onton</span> <span style="background-color:#ffd9a6">eza</span>?'' — "<span style="background-color:#a6aeff">what</span> <span style="background-color:#ffd9a6">did</span> <span style="background-color:#ffa5a5">Anton</span> <span style="background-color:#ffd9a6">read</span>?" | |||
===Nominals=== | ===Nominals=== | ||
====Pronouns==== | ====Pronouns==== | ||
=====Personal pronouns===== | =====Personal pronouns===== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|- style="font-weight:bold;" | |- style="font-weight:bold;" | ||