Valthungian: Difference between revisions

* The letter ⟨n⟩ before ⟨g⟩ or ⟨k⟩ is realised as a velar nasal {{IPA|[ŋ]}}. (E.g. ''drinkna'' {{IPA|[driŋk.na]}} ‘to drink’.)

** In combinations where ⟨ng⟩ is followed by another nasal consonant, {{IPA|[ɡ]}} is elided in speech: ⟨ngm⟩ is {{IPA|[ŋm]}} and ⟨ngn⟩ is {{IPA|[ŋn]}}. (E.g. ''gangna'' {{IPA|[gaŋ.na]}} ‘to go’; not **{{IPA|[gaŋɡ.na]}}.) In rapid speech this may also occur to the other nasal-stop combinations ⟨mbn⟩, ⟨mbm⟩, ⟨ndm⟩, and ⟨ndn⟩; sometimes the stop may also become glottal.

* In the combinations ⟨hw⟩, ⟨hl⟩, and ⟨hr⟩,⟨h⟩ is realised as {{IPA|[x]}}.

* The sequence ⟨lju⟩ is realised as {{IPA|[ljɛu̯]}} (rather than the expected {{IPA|[lju]}}). (E.g. ''ljuga'' {{IPA|[ljɛu̯.ɡa]}} ‘lion’.)

* The sequence ⟨rju⟩ is realised as {{IPA|[rɛu̯]}} (rather than the expected {{IPA|[rju]}}). (E.g. ''frjusna'' {{IPA|[frɛu̯s.na]}} ‘to freeze’.)

* The diphthong ⟨eu⟩ is realised as {{IPA|[ɛu̯]}} (rather than the expected {{IPA|[e̞u̯]}}). (E.g. ''þreugi'' {{IPA|[θrɛu̯.ɡi]}} ‘wrath’.)

* The diphthong ⟨œu⟩ is realised as {{IPA|[œy̑]}} (rather than the expected {{IPA|[ø̞u̯]}}). (E.g. ''grœunis'' {{IPA|[ɡrœy̑.nis]}} ‘green’.)

* For some speakers, word-final ⟨þs⟩ is realised as {{IPA|[t̪s]}}.

Stress is indicated in the standard orthography with an acute accent ''only'' if: The stress is ''not'' on the first syllable (by default, stress falls on the primary syllable); the stressed vowel is short (all unstressed long vowels were reduced to short vowels in the [[Middle Valthungian]] period); and the stressed vowel is not ⟨œ⟩ or ⟨y⟩ (the rounded front vowels can ''only'' occur as the result of i‑umlaut, which could only affect a stressed vowel). For example, ''in'''í'''la '' ‘excuse’, ''ak'''é'''čim'' ‘even so’; but ''gar'''ǣ'''ts'' ‘correct’ or ''gawr'''œ'''čin'' ‘to handle’.