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Valthungian: Difference between revisions
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Stress is indicated in the standard orthography with an acute accent ''only'' if: The stress is ''not'' on the first syllable (by default, stress falls on the primary syllable); the stressed vowel is short (all unstressed long vowels were reduced to short vowels in the [[Middle Valthungian]] period); and the stressed vowel is not ⟨œ⟩ or ⟨y⟩ (the rounded front vowels can ''only'' occur as the result of i‑umlaut, which could only affect a stressed vowel). For example, ''in'''í'''la '' ‘excuse’, ''ak'''é'''čim'' ‘even so’; but ''gar'''ǣ'''ts'' ‘correct’ or ''gawr'''œ'''čin'' ‘to handle’. | Stress is indicated in the standard orthography with an acute accent ''only'' if: The stress is ''not'' on the first syllable (by default, stress falls on the primary syllable); the stressed vowel is short (all unstressed long vowels were reduced to short vowels in the [[Middle Valthungian]] period); and the stressed vowel is not ⟨œ⟩ or ⟨y⟩ (the rounded front vowels can ''only'' occur as the result of i‑umlaut, which could only affect a stressed vowel). For example, ''in'''í'''la '' ‘excuse’, ''ak'''é'''čim'' ‘even so’; but ''gar'''ǣ'''ts'' ‘correct’ or ''gawr'''œ'''čin'' ‘to handle’. | ||
===Orthographic Variants=== | ===Orthographic Variants=== | ||
There are a few regional and stylistic variations in the orthography of Valthungian romanisation. | There are a few regional and stylistic variations in the orthography of Valthungian romanisation. | ||
* In some areas, rather than indicating non-initial stress by placing an acute diacritic on the stressed vowel, the vowel of the initial ''unstressed'' syllable is marked with a grave diacritic. This is not standard anywhere, but is often used in children’s books and language learning tools, as it is a more consistent indicator of stress than the acute, which is not deployed over long vowels or rounded front vowels. It is often used in combination with the acute stress system, and the acute may also be used on otherwise exempt characters. E.g.: | * In some areas, rather than indicating non-initial stress by placing an acute diacritic on the stressed vowel, the vowel of the initial ''unstressed'' syllable is marked with a grave diacritic. This is not standard anywhere, but is often used in children’s books and language learning tools, as it is a more consistent indicator of stress than the acute, which is not deployed over long vowels or rounded front vowels. It is often used in combination with the acute stress system, and the acute may also be used on otherwise exempt characters. E.g.: | ||
** '' | ** ''žukuspríngna'' ‘to leap up’ → ''žùkuspringna'' or ''žùkuspríngna'' | ||
** ''gadrynis'' ‘symphony’ → ''gàdrynis'' or ''gàdrýnis'' | ** ''gadrynis'' ‘symphony’ → ''gàdrynis'' or ''gàdrýnis'' | ||
** ''miðlǣði'' ‘sympathy’ → ''mìðlǣði'' or ''mìðlǣ́ði'' ( | ** ''miðlǣði'' ‘sympathy’ → ''mìðlǣði'' or ''mìðlǣ́ði'' (rarely ''mìðlǽði'') | ||
* ⟨w⟩ | * A rather old-fashioned romanisation convention does not use ⟨w⟩ for ''wynia'',but transcribes it as ⟨v⟩ when word-initial or ⟨u⟩ after a consonant, e.g. ''windis'' ‘wind’, ''þwagna'' ‘wash’, ''wrǣti'' ‘drawing’ → ⟨vindis⟩, ⟨þuagna⟩, ⟨vrǣti⟩. Even those not following this convention may romanise wynia as ⟨v⟩ before a liquid where it has the value of [v]. | ||
* | * There are a select few who also romanise ''jēr'' as ⟨i⟩ rather than as ⟨j⟩, likely out of spite. | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||