13
edits
Cmanc: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Noun Cases, Adjective Cases, Small Tweaks
(Verbs) |
(Noun Cases, Adjective Cases, Small Tweaks) |
||
| Line 167: | Line 167: | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
==Syntax== | |||
===Constituent order=== | |||
===Nouns=== | |||
Every noun needs to follow and be contained within one of the categories below, determined by the vowel of the last syllable. | |||
==== Classes ==== | |||
* Objects, Elements: -u | |||
* Instruments, Vehicles: -μ | |||
* Fluids: -o | |||
* Natural Phenomena: -ϰ | |||
* Life, Living beings: -a | |||
* Social, Dialogue: -ϕ | |||
* Time: -ω | |||
* Abstract, Ideas: -ı | |||
* Collectives, Plurals: -e | |||
* Parts, Components: -ε | |||
==== Cases ==== | |||
Additionally, any noun can be inflected in case by using a specific final character at the last syllable of the noun. | |||
< | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ Noun Cases | |||
|- | |||
! Case !! Final !! Indicates | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Absolutive Case</center> || <center>none</center> || <center>Intransitive Subject<br>Transitive Object<br>Ditransitive Indirect Object</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Ergative Case</center> || <center>-s</center> || <center>Transitive Subject</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Dative Case</center> || <center>-ϝ</center> || <center>Ditransitive Direct Object</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Genitive Case</center> || <center>-ϱ</center> || <center>Inalienable Possessor</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Possessive Case</center> || <center>-m</center> || <center>Alienable Possessor</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Originative Case</center> || <center>-τγ</center> || <center>Origin<br>Material</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Lative Case</center> || <center>-ϧγ</center> || <center>Direction Target<br>Motion Target</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Comitative Case</center> || <center>-o</center> || <center>Company<br>Assistance</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Evidential Case</center> || <center>-ϩ</center> || <center>Witness</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Locative Case</center> || <center>-n</center> || <center>Location</center> | |||
|} | |||
===Adjectives=== | |||
Adjectives | |||
--> | Adjectives have the last syllable with "η/ie" as the vowel. Adjectives also have cases, which is represented by the final used at the last syllable. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Adjective Cases | |||
|- | |||
! Case !! Final !! Indicates | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Prepositive Case</center> || <center>none</center> || <center>Modifies the Proceding Noun</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Postpositive Case</center> || <center>-s</center> || <center>Modifies the Preceding Noun</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Adverbial Case</center> || <center>-τγ</center> || <center>Adverbs</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Subjective Case</center> || <center>-m</center> || <center>Opinions</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Superlative Case</center> || <center>-ϧγ</center> || <center>Comparisons with 3+ Entities</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Comparative Case</center> || <center>-ϱ</center> || <center>Comparisons with 2 Entities</center> | |||
|} | |||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
The base form of verbs have a final -κκ. Conjugation is done by adding an extra syllable at the end, each part of the extra syllable acts as an unique modifier to the verb. | The base form of verbs have a final "-κκ/-kh". Conjugation is done by adding an extra syllable at the end, each part of the extra syllable acts as an unique modifier to the verb. | ||
==== Forms ==== | ==== Forms ==== | ||
| Line 191: | Line 244: | ||
===== Infinitive Form ===== | ===== Infinitive Form ===== | ||
The base form of the verb (ends in -κκ). Acts as a noun that represents the action being done. | The base form of the verb (ends in "-κκ/-kh"). Acts as a noun that represents the action being done. | ||
===== Participle Form ===== | ===== Participle Form ===== | ||
Terminates in -κκnη. Acts as an adjective that means "one that/which <verb>", it is equivalent to the Habitual Aspect, but without needing a relative particle. | Terminates in "-κκnη/-khnie". Acts as an adjective that means "one that/which <verb>", it is equivalent to the Habitual Aspect, but without needing a relative particle. | ||
===== Agentive Form ===== | ===== Agentive Form ===== | ||
Terminates in -κκmμ. Acts as a noun that represents one that performs the verb, equivalent to the -er termination in English. | Terminates in "-κκmμ/-khmuo". Acts as a noun that represents one that performs the verb, equivalent to the -er termination in English. | ||
==== Moods (consonant) ==== | ==== Moods (consonant) ==== | ||
Verbal moods are represented by the consonant of the modifier syllable after -κκ. | Verbal moods are represented by the consonant of the modifier syllable after "-κκ/-kh". | ||
===== Indicative Mood ===== | ===== Indicative Mood ===== | ||
| Line 206: | Line 259: | ||
===== Inferential Mood ===== | ===== Inferential Mood ===== | ||
Uses the consonant "ϝ". Represents an action that was not witnessed and/or is uncertain. | Uses the consonant "ϝ/f". Represents an action that was not witnessed and/or is uncertain. | ||
===== Imperative Mood ===== | ===== Imperative Mood ===== | ||
Uses the consonant "ϧγ". Represents a request done directly to the second person, the subject is optional when using this verbal mood. | Uses the consonant "ϧγ/dj". Represents a request done directly to the second person, the subject is optional when using this verbal mood. | ||
===== Jussive Mood ===== | ===== Jussive Mood ===== | ||
Uses the consonant "ϧ". Represents a request, suggestion or advice done to the third person, This third person can be specified with an extra noun in the ergative case immediately after the verb. | Uses the consonant "ϧ/d". Represents a request, suggestion or advice done to the third person, This third person can be specified with an extra noun in the ergative case immediately after the verb. | ||
===== Potential Mood ===== | ===== Potential Mood ===== | ||
| Line 218: | Line 271: | ||
===== Presumptive Mood ===== | ===== Presumptive Mood ===== | ||
Uses the consonant "ϩ". Represents an hypothesis or a supposition being presented by the speaker. | Uses the consonant "ϩ/sj". Represents an hypothesis or a supposition being presented by the speaker. | ||
===== Optative Mood ===== | ===== Optative Mood ===== | ||
| Line 224: | Line 277: | ||
===== Epistemic Mood ===== | ===== Epistemic Mood ===== | ||
Uses the consonant "v". Represents a belief or opinion of the speaker. | Uses the consonant "v/w". Represents a belief or opinion of the speaker. | ||
==== Voice (vowel) ==== | ==== Voice (vowel) ==== | ||
| Line 233: | Line 286: | ||
===== Antipassive Voice ===== | ===== Antipassive Voice ===== | ||
Uses the vowel "ε". In this voice the object is not present, and the verb is treated as intransitive. | Uses the vowel "ε/ea". In this voice the object is not present, and the verb is treated as intransitive. | ||
===== Impersonal Voice ===== | ===== Impersonal Voice ===== | ||
Uses the vowel "ϰ". In this voice the subject is not present. | Uses the vowel "ϰ/oc". In this voice the subject is not present. | ||
==== Aspect (final) ==== | ==== Aspect (final) ==== | ||
| Line 251: | Line 304: | ||
===== Habitual Aspect ===== | ===== Habitual Aspect ===== | ||
Uses the final "-κκ". Indicates that the event is done regularly as a routine, habit or tradition. | Uses the final "-κκ/-kh". Indicates that the event is done regularly as a routine, habit or tradition. | ||
===== Stative Aspect ===== | ===== Stative Aspect ===== | ||
| Line 257: | Line 310: | ||
===== Iterative Aspect ===== | ===== Iterative Aspect ===== | ||
Uses the final "-τγ". Indicates an event that is being done again or multiple times in a row. | Uses the final "-τγ/-th". Indicates an event that is being done again or multiple times in a row. | ||
===Sentence phrase=== | ===Sentence phrase=== | ||
| Line 274: | Line 327: | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Conlangs]] | ||
[[Category:A priori]] | |||
[[Category:Ergative-absolutive languages]] | |||