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Aryan: Difference between revisions
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→Development into Indo-European Languages
| Line 365: | Line 365: | ||
| *kʰ- | | *kʰ- | ||
| *ḱ | | *ḱ | ||
| ''*ki'' ⇒ ''*kʰi'' | | ''*ki'' ⇒ ''*kʰi'' ⇒ [[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱe|''ḱe'']] "this" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -k | | -k | ||
| Line 375: | Line 375: | ||
| *kʰtʰ- | | *kʰtʰ- | ||
| *ḱ/s ~ *k/s ~ *k/d ~ *gʰ/s ~ *g/∅ | | *ḱ/s ~ *k/s ~ *k/d ~ *gʰ/s ~ *g/∅ | ||
| ''k̟hĩ̤ho'' | | ''k̟hĩ̤ho'' ⇒ ''*kʰtʰīh<sub>1</sub>o'' ⇒ ''*(s)ker-'', ''*(s)kelH-'', ''*sek-'', ''*ḱes-'', ''*kh₂eyd-'' "to cut"; ''k̟ʕii̯h'' ⇒ ''*kʰtʰeyh<sub>1</sub>-'' ⇒ ''*gʰays-'' ~ ''*gleyH-'' "to stick" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -k̟ | | -k̟ | ||
| Line 385: | Line 385: | ||
| *gʰbʰ- | | *gʰbʰ- | ||
| *gʰ/p ~ *gʰ/w | | *gʰ/p ~ *gʰ/w | ||
| ''g̠ʕih'' > ''*gʰbʰih<sub>1</sub>-'' | | ''g̠ʕih'' > ''*gʰbʰih<sub>1</sub>-'' ⇒ ''*(s)pregʰ-'' "to sprinkle"; ''g̠ho̰hr'' "scattering glow" ⇒ ''*gʰbʰōr-'' "glow" ⇒ ''*gʷʰer-'' "to be warm" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -g̠ | | -g̠ | ||
| Line 405: | Line 405: | ||
| *gʰdʰ- | | *gʰdʰ- | ||
| *gʰ/dʰ | | *gʰ/dʰ | ||
| ''g̟ʕih'' | | ''g̟ʕih'' ⇒ ''*gʰdʰih<sub>1</sub>-'' ⇒ ''*gʰedʰ-'' "to join" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -g̟ | | -g̟ | ||
| *-gd | | *-gd | ||
| *ǵ/∅ | | *ǵ/∅ | ||
| ''ʕihg̟'' | | ''ʕihg̟'' ⇒ ''*h<sub>5</sub>igd-'' ⇒ ''*leǵ-'' "to gather" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| k̠ʼ- | | k̠ʼ- | ||
| *kp- | | *kp- | ||
| *g/bʰ ~ *k/p | | *g/bʰ ~ *k/p | ||
| ''k̠ʼʕih'' | | ''k̠ʼʕih'' ⇒ ''*kpih<sub>1</sub>-'' > ''*bʰeg-'' ~ ''*bʰreg-'' ~ ''*bʰrew-'' ~ ''*bʰrews-'' ~ ''*kelh₂-'' ~ ''*(s)kep-'' "to break" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -k̠ʼ | | -k̠ʼ | ||
| *-kʰpʰ | | *-kʰpʰ | ||
| *ǵ/w | | *ǵ/w | ||
| ''ʕihk̠ʼ'' | | ''ʕihk̠ʼ'' ⇒ ''*h<sub>5</sub>ikʰpʰ-'' ⇒ ''*lewǵ-'' ~ ''*weh₂ǵ-'' ~ ''*wreh₁ǵ-'' "to break" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kʼ- | | kʼ- | ||
| Line 440: | Line 440: | ||
| -kʰtʰ | | -kʰtʰ | ||
| *ǵʰ/dʰ ~ *∅/dʰ | | *ǵʰ/dʰ ~ *∅/dʰ | ||
| ''ʕihk̟ʼ'' | | ''ʕihk̟ʼ'' ⇒ ''*h<sub>5</sub>ikʰtʰ-'' ⇒ ''*dʰerǵʰ-'' "to be firm" ~ ''*dʰer-'' "to support" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ɠ̠- | | ɠ̠- | ||
| *gb- | | *gb- | ||
| *kʷ ~ *(s)k | | *kʷ ~ *(s)k | ||
| ''ɠ̠ʕih'' | | ''ɠ̠ʕih'' ⇒ ''*gbih<sub>1</sub>-'' ⇒ ''*kʷelh<sub>1</sub>-'' "to turn around"; ''ɠ̠ʕihr'' ⇒ ''*gbair-'' > ''*(s)ker-'' "to bend" [semantic transition from "shrink/wither" to "bend/turn around"] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -ɠ̠ | | -ɠ̠ | ||
| Line 465: | Line 465: | ||
| *gd- | | *gd- | ||
| *gʰ/∅ ~ *ḱ/∅ | | *gʰ/∅ ~ *ḱ/∅ | ||
| ''ɠ̟ʕih'' | | ''ɠ̟ʕih'' ⇒ ''*gdih<sub>1</sub>-'' ⇒ ''*gʰreh<sub>1</sub>-'' "to grow (plants)"; ''ɠ̟ʕihr'' ⇒ ''*gdair-'' ⇒ *ḱer- "to grow" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -ɠ̟ | | -ɠ̟ | ||
| *-gʰdʰ | | *-gʰdʰ | ||
| *gʰ/dʰ | | *gʰ/dʰ | ||
| ''hohɠ̟'' "growing fire" | | ''hohɠ̟'' "growing fire" ⇒ ''*hogʰdʰ-'' ⇒ ''*dʰegʷʰ-'' "to burn" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| p̠- | | p̠- | ||
| Line 485: | Line 485: | ||
| *pʰ | | *pʰ | ||
| *bʰ | | *bʰ | ||
| ''pʕihr'' | | ''pʕihr'' ⇒ ''*pʰair-'' ⇒ ''*bʰer-'' "to bear" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -p | | -p | ||
| Line 495: | Line 495: | ||
| *pʰkʰ- | | *pʰkʰ- | ||
| *bʰ/gʰ ~ *p/ḱ ~ *p/k | | *bʰ/gʰ ~ *p/ḱ ~ *p/k | ||
| ''p̟ʕih'' | | ''p̟ʕih'' ⇒ ''*pʰkʰih<sub>1</sub>-'' ⇒ ''*gʰabʰ-'' ~ ''*gʰeh₁bʰ-'' ~ ''*kap-'' "to seize", ''*peḱ-'' "to pluck" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -p̟ | | -p̟ | ||
| Line 547: | Line 547: | ||
| *p- | | *p- | ||
| *p | | *p | ||
| ''pʼʕih'' > ''*pair-'' | | ''pʼʕih'' > ''*pair-'' ⇒ ''*per-'' "to go through", ''*pel-'' "to drive", ''*pent-'' "to pass", ''*pes-'' "penis" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -pʼ | | -pʼ | ||