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IPA for Bemé: Difference between revisions
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| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan= | ! colspan=6 | Consonants | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2 | Bemé orthography !! colspan=3 | IPA !! rowspan=2 | Examples !! rowspan=2 | English approximation | ! rowspan=2 | Bemé orthography !! colspan=3 | IPA !! rowspan=2 | Examples !! rowspan=2 | English approximation | ||
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| rowspan=2 | gr || rowspan=2 | gɹ~dʒɹ || kɹ || rowspan=2 | gɾ || [[Contionary:grinyeh#Bemé|'''gr'''inyeh]] || '''gr'''ill or '''dr'''ink | | rowspan=2 | gr || rowspan=2 | gɹ~dʒɹ || kɹ || rowspan=2 | gɾ || [[Contionary:grinyeh#Bemé|'''gr'''inyeh]] || '''gr'''ill or '''dr'''ink | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kw || [[Contionary:grown#Bemé|'''gr'''own]] || (''Bijun'') '''qu'''ay | | kw<ref name=bijun-kr>/kr/ is pronounced /kw/ before back vowels /o u/.</ref> || [[Contionary:grown#Bemé|'''gr'''own]] || (''Bijun'') '''qu'''ay | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan=2 | h || [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || [[w:Glottal stop|ʔ]] || rowspan=2 | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || [[Contionary:hampo#Bemé|'''h'''ampo]] || '''h'''am | | rowspan=2 | h || [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || [[w:Glottal stop|ʔ]] || rowspan=2 | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || [[Contionary:hampo#Bemé|'''h'''ampo]] || '''h'''am | ||
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| k || colspan=3 | [[w:Voiceless velar plosive|k]] || [[Contionary:kaneh|'''k'''aneh]] || '''k'''ing | | k || colspan=3 | [[w:Voiceless velar plosive|k]] || [[Contionary:kaneh|'''k'''aneh]] || '''k'''ing | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan=2 | kr || rowspan=2 | tɹ̥~kɹ̥~tʃɹ̥ || kɹ || rowspan=2 | kɾ || [[Contionary:kriyal|'''kr'''iyal]] || '''kr'''ill or '''tr'''ee | | rowspan=2 | kr || rowspan=2 | tɹ̥~kɹ̥~tʃɹ̥<ref>The distinction between /kr tr tʃr/, as well as between /gr dʒr/, has been historically neutralised, leading to a varying pronunciation: | ||
* ⟨kr⟩ may be heard as /tɹ̥ kɹ̥ tʃɹ̥/; | |||
* In the most [[w:Basilect|basilectal]](''Kriyal'') varieties, the stop may be simply [[w:Aspirated consonant|strongly aspirated]], leaving /tʰː kʰː tʃʰː/; | |||
* The realisation may be aspirated [[w:Retroflex consonant|retroflex]] /ʈʰ/, and similarly [[w:Voiceless retroflex affricate|affricated]] to /ʈʂ ʈʂʰ/. | |||
The pronunciation of ⟨gr⟩ is less variable; there still exists a distinction between /gr~dʒr/ and /dr/, though /dr/ is extremely rare and only exists in certain words, such as '''''gr'''ag'' "stop (v.)" and '''''dr'''ag'' "drag queen".</ref>|| kɹ || rowspan=2 | kɾ || [[Contionary:kriyal|'''kr'''iyal]] || '''kr'''ill or '''tr'''ee | |||
|- | |- | ||
| kw || [[Contionary:krom|'''kr'''om]] || (''Bijun'') '''qu'''ay | | kw<ref name=bijun-kr></ref> || [[Contionary:krom|'''kr'''om]] || (''Bijun'') '''qu'''ay | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan=2 | l || rowspan=2 | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]] || rowspan=2 | [[w:Dark l|ɫ]] || [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]] || [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé|ko'''l'''o]] || '''l'''id | | rowspan=2 | l || rowspan=2 | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]] || rowspan=2 | [[w:Dark l|ɫ]] || [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]] || [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé|ko'''l'''o]] || '''l'''id | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w:Voiced palatal lateral approximant|ʎ]] || [[Contionary:Beybl|Beyb'''l''']] || (''Columbé'') mi'''lli'''on | | [[w:Voiced palatal lateral approximant|ʎ]]<ref>Columbé /l/ is only pronounced /ʎ/ when syllabic.</ref> || [[Contionary:Beybl|Beyb'''l''']] || (''Columbé'') mi'''lli'''on | ||
|- | |- | ||
| m || colspan=3 | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] || [[Contionary:ameh#Bemé|a'''m'''eh]] || '''m'''other | | m || colspan=3 | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] || [[Contionary:ameh#Bemé|a'''m'''eh]] || '''m'''other | ||
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| rowspan=2 | n || colspan=2 rowspan=2 | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]] || [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]] || [[Contionary:chena|che'''n'''a]] || '''n'''ice | | rowspan=2 | n || colspan=2 rowspan=2 | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]] || [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]] || [[Contionary:chena|che'''n'''a]] || '''n'''ice | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]] || [[Contionary:dampini#Bemé|dampi'''n'''i]] || (''Columbé'') ca'''ny'''on | | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]<ref>Columbé /n/ is [[w:Palatalization|palatalised]] before /i/ (but not /iː/, which is an allophone of the diphthong /ei̯/).</ref> || [[Contionary:dampini#Bemé|dampi'''n'''i]] || (''Columbé'') ca'''ny'''on | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ng || colspan=3 | [[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]] || [[Contionary:kring#Bemé|kri'''ng''']] || swimmi'''ng''' | | ng || colspan=3 | [[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]] || [[Contionary:kring#Bemé|kri'''ng''']] || swimmi'''ng''' | ||
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| rowspan=2 | ny || colspan=2 rowspan=2 | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]] || [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]] || [[Contionary:snyek|s'''ny'''ek]] || ca'''ny'''on | | rowspan=2 | ny || colspan=2 rowspan=2 | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]] || [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]] || [[Contionary:snyek|s'''ny'''ek]] || ca'''ny'''on | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w:Nasalization|j̃]] || [[Contionary:grinyeh#Bemé|gri'''ny'''eh]] || (''Columbé'') [[w:Polish language|Polish]] [[w:Gdańsk|Gda'''ń'''sk]] | | [[w:Nasalization|j̃]]<ref>Columbé /ɲ/ is pronounced as /j̃/ in intervocalic positions.</ref> || [[Contionary:grinyeh#Bemé|gri'''ny'''eh]] || (''Columbé'') [[w:Polish language|Polish]] [[w:Gdańsk|Gda'''ń'''sk]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| p || colspan=3 | [[w:Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] || [[Contionary:dampini#Bemé|dam'''p'''ini]] || s'''p'''in | | p || colspan=3 | [[w:Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] || [[Contionary:dampini#Bemé|dam'''p'''ini]] || s'''p'''in | ||
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| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan= | ! colspan=6 | Vowels | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2 | Bemé orthography !! colspan=3 | IPA !! rowspan=2 | Examples !! rowspan=2 | English approximation | ! rowspan=2 | Bemé orthography !! colspan=3 | IPA !! rowspan=2 | Examples !! rowspan=2 | English approximation | ||
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| i || colspan=3 | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[Contionary:bi#Bemé|b'''i''']] || '''ea'''t | | i || colspan=3 | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[Contionary:bi#Bemé|b'''i''']] || '''ea'''t | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan=2 | o || rowspan=2 | [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] || [[w:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]] || rowspan=2 | [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] || [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé|k'''o'''lo]] || y'''aw'''n<br>(''Bijun'') '''o'''ff | | rowspan=2 | o || rowspan=2 | [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] || [[w:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]<ref>Bijun /o/ is pronounced /ɔ/ in word-initial syllables.</ref> || rowspan=2 | [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] || [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé|k'''o'''lo]] || y'''aw'''n<br>(''Bijun'') '''o'''ff | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] || [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé|kol'''o''']] || (''Bijun'') h'''oo'''k | | [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]<ref>Bijun /o/ is pronounced /u/ in word-final positions.</ref> || [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé|kol'''o''']] || (''Bijun'') h'''oo'''k | ||
|- | |- | ||
| u || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|ʊ]] || [[w:Open-mid back unrounded vowel|ʌ]] || [[Contionary:yu#Bemé|y'''u''']] || h'''oo'''k | | u || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|ʊ]] || [[w:Open-mid back unrounded vowel|ʌ]] || [[Contionary:yu#Bemé|y'''u''']] || h'''oo'''k | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan= | ! colspan=6 | Diphthongs | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2 | Bemé orthography !! colspan=3 | IPA !! rowspan=2 | Examples !! rowspan=2 | English approximation | ! rowspan=2 | Bemé orthography !! colspan=3 | IPA !! rowspan=2 | Examples !! rowspan=2 | English approximation | ||
|- | |- | ||
! [[File:Poccasin.svg|24px]]<br>Bemé !! [[File:Bijun.svg|24px]]<br>Bijun !! [[File:Columban.svg|24px]]<br>Columbé | ! [[File:Poccasin.svg|24px]]<br>Bemé !! [[File:Bijun.svg|24px]]<br>Bijun !! [[File:Columban.svg|24px]]<br>Columbé<ref>The pronunciation of diphthongs /ei̯ oi̯ ou̯/ in Columbé has great variations; this table only shows the most common pronunciation. For more information, see [[Columbé#Phonology|Columbé § Phonology]].</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ey || ei̯ || colspan=2 | eː || [[Contionary:skey#Bemé|sk'''ey''']] || m'''ay''' | | ey || ei̯ || colspan=2 | eː || [[Contionary:skey#Bemé|sk'''ey''']] || m'''ay''' | ||
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| rowspan=2 | ow || rowspan=2 colspan=2 | ou̯ || uː || rowspan=2 | [[Contionary:grown#Bemé|gr'''ow'''n]] || b'''ow''',<br>(''Columbé'') b'''oo'''t (''[[w:Vowel length|long]]'') | | rowspan=2 | ow || rowspan=2 colspan=2 | ou̯ || uː || rowspan=2 | [[Contionary:grown#Bemé|gr'''ow'''n]] || b'''ow''',<br>(''Columbé'') b'''oo'''t (''[[w:Vowel length|long]]'') | ||
|- | |- | ||
| u || (''Columbé'') b'''oo'''t (''[[w:Vowel length|short]]'') | | [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]<ref>Columbé /ou̯/ is often pronounced as a short /u/ in closed syllables.</ref> || (''Columbé'') b'''oo'''t (''[[w:Vowel length|short]]'') | ||
|} | |} | ||
|} | |} | ||
[[Category:Bemé]] | [[Category:Bemé]] | ||