IPA for Bemé: Difference between revisions

| rowspan=2 | b || rowspan=2 colspan=2 | [[w:Voiced bilabial plosive|b]] || [[w:Voiced bilabial plosive|b]] || [[Contionary:bemeh#Bemé|'''b'''emeh]] || '''b'''ow

| [[w:Voiced bilabial fricative|β]]<ref name="bdg">Columbé /b, d, g/ are lenited to [[w:Voiced fricative|fricative]] [β, ð, ɣ] or [[w:Approximant|approximant]] [β̞, ð̞, ɣ̞] in intervocalic positions.</ref> || [[Contionary:abo#Bemé|a'''b'''o]] || (''Columbé'') between '''b'''a'''b'''y and be'''v'''y

| ch || [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|ts]] || [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || [[Contionary:chena#Bemé|'''ch'''ena]] || '''Ch'''ina

| rowspan=2 | d || rowspan=2 colspan=2 | [[w:Voiced alveolar plosive|d]] || [[w:Voiced alveolar plosive|d]] || [[Contionary:dan#Bemé|'''d'''an]] || '''d'''one

| [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|ð]]<ref name="bdg"></ref> || [[Contionary:ridem|ri'''d'''em]] || '''th'''en

| rowspan=2 | g || rowspan=2 colspan=2 | [[w:Voiced velar plosive|g]] || [[w:Voiced velar plosive|g]] || [[Contionary:gud#Bemé|'''g'''ud]] || '''g'''ood

| [[w:Voiced velar fricative|ɣ]]<ref name="bdg"></ref> || [[Contionary:biginim|bi'''g'''inim]] || (''Columbé'') a'''g'''ain, but without the tongue

| rowspan=2 | gr || rowspan=2 | gɹ~dʒɹ || kɹ || rowspan=2 | gɾ || [[Contionary:grinyeh#Bemé|'''gr'''inyeh]] || '''gr'''ill or '''dr'''ink

| kw<ref name=bijun-kr>/kr/ is pronounced /kw/ before back vowels /o u/.</ref><ref name=bijun-rw>Bijun /ɹ/ is pronounced /w/ between a consonant and a back vowel (/o u/). This effect most commonly appears in the cluster /kr gr/ (which are both pronounced /kɹ~kw/ in Bijun specifically).</ref> || [[Contionary:grown#Bemé|'''gr'''own]] || (''Bijun'') '''qu'''ay

| rowspan=2 | h || [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]]<ref>/h/ is pronounced as /[[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]]/ in word-initial positions.</ref> || [[w:Glottal stop|ʔ]]<ref>Bijun /h/ is pronounced as a [[w:Glottal stop|glottal stop]] in word-initial positions.</ref>  || rowspan=2 | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]]<ref>Columbé /h/ is always present and pronounced /[[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]]/.</ref> || [[Contionary:hampo#Bemé|'''h'''ampo]] || '''h'''am

| [[w:Glottal stop|ʔ]]<ref>/h/ is pronounced /ʔ/ in word-medial positions.</ref> || ∅<ref>Bijun /h/ is not pronounced in word-medial positions, so words like ''mehan'' [meʔan] become [mian].</ref> || {{bm|mehan|me'''h'''an}} || uh'''-'''oh

| j || [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate|dʒ]] || [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]] || [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate|dʒ]] || [[Contionary:jamis#Bemé|'''j'''amis]] || '''j'''eans

| k || colspan=3 | [[w:Voiceless velar plosive|k]] || [[Contionary:kaneh|'''k'''aneh]] || '''k'''ing

| rowspan=2 | kr || rowspan=2 | tɹ̥~kɹ̥~tʃɹ̥<ref>The distinction between /kr tr tʃr/, as well as between /gr dʒr/, has been historically neutralised, leading to a varying pronunciation:

The pronunciation of ⟨gr⟩ is less variable; there still exists a distinction between /gr~dʒr/ and /dr/, though /dr/ is extremely rare and only exists in certain words, such as '''''gr'''ag'' "stop (v.)" and '''''dr'''ag'' "drag queen".</ref>|| kɹ || rowspan=2 | kɾ || [[Contionary:kriyal|'''kr'''iyal]] || '''kr'''ill or '''tr'''ee

| kw<ref name=bijun-kr></ref><ref name=bijun-rw></ref> || [[Contionary:krom|'''kr'''om]] || (''Bijun'') '''qu'''ay

| rowspan=2 | l || rowspan=2 | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]] || rowspan=2 | [[w:Dark l|ɫ]] || [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]] || [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé|ko'''l'''o]] || '''l'''id

| [[w:Voiced palatal lateral approximant|ʎ]]<ref>Columbé /l/ is only pronounced /ʎ/ when syllabic.</ref> || [[Contionary:Beybl|Beyb'''l''']] || (''Columbé'') mi'''lli'''on

| m || colspan=3 | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] || [[Contionary:ameh#Bemé|a'''m'''eh]] || '''m'''other

| rowspan=2 | n || colspan=2 rowspan=2 | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]<ref>/n/ may be variably pronounced /m ŋ ɲ/ before certain consonants; see [[Bemé#Nasal assimilation]] for more.</ref> || [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]] || [[Contionary:chena|che'''n'''a]] || '''n'''ice

| [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]<ref>Columbé /n/ is [[w:Palatalization|palatalised]] before /i/ (but not /iː/, which is an allophone of the diphthong /ei̯/).</ref> || [[Contionary:dampini#Bemé|dampi'''n'''i]] || (''Columbé'') ca'''ny'''on

| ng || colspan=3 | [[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]] || [[Contionary:kring#Bemé|kri'''ng''']] || swimmi'''ng'''

| rowspan=2 | ny || colspan=2 rowspan=2 | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]] || [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]] || [[Contionary:snyek|s'''ny'''ek]] || ca'''ny'''on

| [[w:Nasalization|j̃]]<ref>Columbé /ɲ/ is pronounced as /j̃/ in intervocalic positions.</ref> || [[Contionary:grinyeh#Bemé|gri'''ny'''eh]] || (''Columbé'') [[w:Polish language|Polish]] [[w:Gdańsk|Gda'''ń'''sk]]

| p || colspan=3 | [[w:Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] || [[Contionary:dampini#Bemé|dam'''p'''ini]] || s'''p'''in

| rowspan=2 | r || rowspan=2 | [[w:Voiced alveolar approximant|ɹ]] || [[w:Voiced alveolar approximant|ɹ]] || rowspan=2 | [[w:Voiced alveolar tap or flap|ɾ]] || [[Contionary:ridem|'''r'''idem]] || '''rh'''ythm

| [[w:Voiced labial-velar approximant|w]]<ref name=bijun-rw></ref>  || [[Contionary:krom|k'''r'''om]] || (''Bijun'') '''w'''ing

| s || colspan=3 | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] ||  [[Contionary:sebis|'''s'''ebi'''s''']] || '''s'''ervi'''c'''e

| sh || colspan=3 | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar sibilant|ʃ]] ||  [[Contionary:shik|'''sh'''ik]] || '''sh'''ine

| t || colspan=3 | [[w:Voiceless alveolar plosive|t]] || [[Contionary:titrink|'''t'''itrink]] || '''t'''ea

| w || colspan=3 | [[w:Voiced labial-velar approximant|w]] || [[Contionary:wan#Bemé|'''w'''an]] || '''w'''ant

| y || colspan=3 | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]] || [[Contionary:yu#Bemé|'''y'''u]] || '''y'''ou

| a || colspan=3 | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]] || [[Contionary:jamis#Bemé|j'''a'''mis]] || tr'''a'''p

| e || [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] || [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || rowspan=2 | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]<ref>Columbé incorporates a complete lack of ''[[Bemé#Leleh|leleh]]''; /ɛ/ is always pronounced /e/.</ref> || [[Contionary:bemeh#Bemé|b'''e'''meh]] || m'''a'''y

| eh || colspan=2 | [[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[Contionary:bemeh#Bemé|bem'''eh''']] || b'''e'''d

| i || colspan=3 | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[Contionary:bi#Bemé|b'''i''']] || '''ea'''t

| rowspan=3 | o || rowspan=3 | [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] || [[w:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]<ref>Bijun /o/ is pronounced /ɔ/ in word-initial syllables.</ref> || rowspan=3 | [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] || [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé|k'''o'''lo]] || y'''aw'''n<br>(''Bijun'') '''o'''ff

| [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] || {{bm|komonis|kom'''o'''nis}} || y'''aw'''n

| [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]<ref>Bijun /o/ is pronounced /u/ in word-final positions.</ref> || [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé|kol'''o''']] || (''Bijun'') h'''oo'''k

| u || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|ʊ]] || [[w:Open-mid back unrounded vowel|ʌ]] || [[Contionary:yu#Bemé|y'''u''']] || h'''oo'''k

| ey || ei̯ || colspan=2 | eː || [[Contionary:skey#Bemé|sk'''ey''']] || m'''ay'''

| oi || oi̯ || ui̯ || oː || [[Contionary:woiwoi|w'''oi'''w'''oi''']] || j'''oy'''

| rowspan=2 | ow || rowspan=2 colspan=2 | ou̯ || uː || rowspan=2 | [[Contionary:grown#Bemé|gr'''ow'''n]] || b'''ow''',<br>(''Columbé'') b'''oo'''t (''[[w:Vowel length|long]]'')

| [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]<ref>Columbé /ou̯/ is often pronounced as a short /u/ in closed syllables.</ref> || (''Columbé'') b'''oo'''t (''[[w:Vowel length|short]]'')