Carnian grammar: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Carnian grammar (view source)

Revision as of 14:49, 29 October 2025

3,559 bytes added ,  29 October 2025
no edit summary
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 1,218: Line 1,218:


=== Demonstrative pronouns ===
=== Demonstrative pronouns ===
Demonstrative pronouns are '''tien''' 'this' (itself being the result of clipping of ''ten'' and ''jen'', literally 'this one') and '''ou''' 'that'. They are declined as follows:
'''Declension of ''tien'''''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan=2 colspan=2|
! colspan=3| Singular
! colspan=3| Plural
|-
! {{small|Masculine}}
! {{small|Feminine}}
! {{small|Neuter}}
! {{small|Masculine}}
! {{small|Feminine}}
! {{small|Neuter}}
|-
! colspan=2| Nominative
| rowspan=2| tien
| tiena
| tieno
| tieni
| rowspan=3| tiene
| rowspan=3| tiena
|-
! rowspan=2| Accusative
! {{small|inanimate}}
| rowspan=2| tienà
| rowspan=3| tienga
| rowspan=2| tiene
|-
! {{small|animate}}
| rowspan=2| tienga
|-
! colspan=2| Genitive
| tiene
| colspan=3| tienech
|-
! colspan=2| Dative
| tiemo
| tieni
| tiemo
| colspan=3| tienem
|}
'''Declension of ''ou'''''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan=2 colspan=2|
! colspan=3| Singular
! colspan=3| Plural
|-
! {{small|Masculine}}
! {{small|Feminine}}
! {{small|Neuter}}
! {{small|Masculine}}
! {{small|Feminine}}
! {{small|Neuter}}
|-
! colspan=2| Nominative
| rowspan=2| ou
| ova
| ovo
| ovi
| rowspan=3| ove
| rowspan=3| ova
|-
! rowspan=2| Accusative
! {{small|inanimate}}
| rowspan=2| ovà
| rowspan=3| ouga
| rowspan=2| ove
|-
! {{small|animate}}
| rowspan=2| ouga
|-
! colspan=2| Genitive
| ove
| colspan=3| ovech
|-
! colspan=2| Dative
| oumo
| ovi
| oumo
| colspan=3| ovem
|}


=== Interrogative pronouns ===
=== Interrogative pronouns ===
The interrogative pronouns introduce direct and indirect questions. There are two nominative forms: ''co'' 'who' and ''kei'' 'what'.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!
! who
! what
|-
! Nominative
| co
| rowspan=2| kei
|-
! Accusative
| rowspan=2| coga
|-
! Genitive
| ciesa
|-
! Dative
| como
| ciemo
|}
Their negative forms are ''nico'' and ''niṡ'', respectively, and decline like interrogative (''nicoga'', ''niciesa'', etc.).


== Numerals ==
== Numerals ==


Numerals in Carnian are similar to those in other Slavic languages. The main difference is the loss of -''t'' in numerous cardinal numbers, which became the characteristic of their ordinal counterparts. The ordinals between 1 and 4 are irregular; from 5 on (with the exception of 7 and 8), the formation is regular. All numerals decline by case, but only 1-4 are additionally declined by gender.
Numerals experienced considerable contraction, for example *''pęt na desęte'' > ''pennais'' 'fifty'. A similar phenomenon is found in Slovene, although generally to a smaller extent.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!
! Cardinal
! Ordinal
!
! Cardinal
! Ordinal
!
! Cardinal
! Ordinal
|-
! 1
| jen
| perv
! 11
| jenais
| jenaist
! 30
| trysen
| trysent
|-
! 2
| dua
| drug
! 12
| duanais
| duanaist
! 40
| stœrsen
| stœrsent
|-
! 3
| try
| tret
! 13
| trinais
| trinaist
! 50
| pensen
| pensent
|-
! 4
| stœri
| suart
! 14
| stœrnais
| stœrnaist
! 60
| siessen
| siessent
|-
! 5
| pen
| pent
! 15
| pennais
| pennaist
! 70
| semsen
| semsent
|-
! 6
| sies
| siest
! 16
| siesnais
| siesnaist
! 80
| osemsen
| osemsent
|-
! 7
| colspan=2| semm*
! 17
| sennais
| sennaist
! 90
| devensen
| devensent
|-
! 8
| colspan=2| osem*
! 18
| osennais
| osennaist
! 100
| sto
| stot
|-
! 9
| deven
| devent
! 19
| devennais
| devennaist
! 200
| duesto
| duestot
|-
! 10
| desen
| desent
! 20
| duaisen
| duaisent
! 1000
| tisan
| tisant
|-
|}
'''Note''': *''semm'' and ''osem'' are identical only when predicative (base) forms of ordinals are considered. When declined by gender, their forms are, for example, ''semmy'', ''osmy''.


[[Category:Carnian]]
[[Category:Carnian]]
Larsqui
Bots
694

edits

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/474323"

Navigation menu