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Proto-Antarctican: Difference between revisions
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*Burmese /ɔ/ centralised to schwa e.g. Burmese thittaw: - forest -> P.A. /sʲitːəːt/. | *Burmese /ɔ/ centralised to schwa e.g. Burmese thittaw: - forest -> P.A. /sʲitːəːt/. | ||
*If a Burmese minor syllable both begins with an obstruent and is followed by an obstruent, the vowel in the minor syllable is deleted (as long as it would not violate Proto-Antarctican phonotactics), causing a consonant cluster e.g. Burmese thei na pati. - general -> P.A. /seinaptʲiːt/ | *If a Burmese minor syllable both begins with an obstruent and is followed by an obstruent, the vowel in the minor syllable is deleted (as long as it would not violate Proto-Antarctican phonotactics), causing a consonant cluster e.g. Burmese thei na pati. - general -> P.A. /seinaptʲiːt/ | ||
*Burmese aspirated consonants become clusters of consonant + /x/ if non-palatalised e.g. Burmese hsabin - hair (of the human head) -> P.A. /sxabʲi~/. If they are palatalised, they become clusters with /ç/ instead e.g. Burmese yanhpyit - to fight -> P.A. /jãpʲçitː/ - battle. | *Burmese initial aspirated consonants become clusters of consonant + /x/ if non-palatalised e.g. Burmese hpoun - dust -> P.A. /pxoːu~/, Burmese hsabin - hair (of the human head) -> P.A. /sxabʲi~/. If they are palatalised, they become clusters with /ç/ instead e.g. Burmese hpyaun - straight -> P.A. /pʲçãːu/, Burmese yanhpyit - to fight -> P.A. /jãpʲçitː/ - battle. | ||
*Burmese /l/ becomes /ɫ/, unless before /i/ or /j/, when it becomes /ʎ/. | *Burmese /l/ becomes /ɫ/, unless before /i/ or /j/, when it becomes /ʎ/. | ||
*The alveo-palatal series of consonants become palatal e.g. Burmese yaukkya - man -> P.A. /jaucaː/ (remember Proto-Antarctican does not like geminated consonants after diphthongs). | *The alveo-palatal series of consonants become palatal e.g. Burmese yaukkya - man -> P.A. /jaucaː/ (remember Proto-Antarctican does not like geminated consonants after diphthongs). | ||
*Burmese voiceless hl became /sʲ/ e.g. Burmese hle: - to lie down -> P.A. /sʲaː/. | |||
*Voiceless nasals become prestopped nasals e.g. Burmese hman - correct -> P.A. /pman/. | *Voiceless nasals become prestopped nasals e.g. Burmese hman - correct -> P.A. /pman/. | ||
*Burmese /h/ became /x/. | |||
===Thai=== | |||
A considerable number of Thai words were also borrowed into Antarctican. They were "Antarcticanised" by the following processes: | |||
====Vowels==== | |||
*Thai /i/ palatalised any preceding consonants, or turned a glottal stop into /j/ e.g. Thai /səbaːidiː/ - good health / feeling -> P.A. /sabaːidʲiː/ - "all well". | |||
*Thai /æ/ merged to /a/, but palatalised the preceding consonant in the exact same way e.g. Thai /bæŋ/ - separate -> P.A. /bʲã/. | |||
*Thai /ɨ/ merged into /u/, but palatalised the preceding consonant in the exact same way e.g. Thai /sʲɨːsat/ - faithful -> P.A. /suːsad/. | |||
*Thai /ə/ merged with /a/ e.g. Thai /baŋʔəːn/ - by chance -> P.A. /bãʔãː/ - to stumble upon. | |||
*Thai /ɔː/ centralised to /əː/ e.g. Thai /luːksɔːn/ - arrow, P.A. -> /ɫuːksəː~/ | |||
*Thai /ɔːi/ was raised and shortened to /oi/ e.g. Thai /ʔərɔːi/ - tasty -> P.A. /ʔazoi/. | |||
*Thai /əːi/ became /ei/ e.g. Thai /kətʰəːi/ - transsexual -> P.A. /katxei/. | |||
*Thai /æːu/ became /ʲaːu/ e.g. Thai /mæːu/ - cat -> P.A. /mʲaːu/ | |||
*Thai /ia/ split into two syllables, becoming /ija/ e.g. Thai /siahaːi/ - destroyed -> P.A. /sʲijaxaːi/ | |||
*Thai /ua/ split into two syllables, becoming /uwa/ e.g. Thai /tua/ - body, figure -> P.A. /tuwa/. | |||
*Thai /ɨa/ split into two syllables, becoming /uɥa/ e.g. Thai /rɨa/ - boat -> P.A. /zuɥa/. | |||
*Thai /iau/ split into two syllables, becoming /ijau/ e.g. Thai /tʰiau/ - go out / go on holiday -> P.A. /txijau/. | |||
*Thai /uai/ split into two syllables, becoming /uwai/ e.g. Thai /tuasuai/ - cursed item -> P.A. /tuwasuwai/. | |||
*Thai /ɨai/ split into two syllables, becoming /uɥai/ e.g. Thai /pɨai/ - falling apart -> P.A. /puɥai/. | |||
====Consonants==== | |||
*Final stops became voiced in syllables with low tone e.g. Thai /sàːk/ - pestle -> P.A. /saːg/. Otherwise they became voiceless e.g. Thai /sâːk/ - carcass -> P.A. /saːk/. | |||
*Final /m/ had an epenthetic /u/ added after it e.g. Thai /jɔːmpʰæː/ - give up -> P.A. /jəːmupçaː/ - surrender. | |||
*Other nasals disappeared at the end of syllables, nasalising the preceding vowel e.g. Thai /ʔajakaːn/ - prosecutor -> P.A. /ʔajakãː/ - to prosecute. | |||
*The evolution of affricates is unpredictable. Sometimes they became palatal, sometimes palatalised alveolar. The aspirated affricate either became a fricative or a voiceless stop. The unaspirated affricate either became a voiced or a voiceless stop. | |||
*Apart from this, aspirated consonants behaved like in words from Burmese. They tended to become clusters of consonant + /x/ (or /ç if before /i/ or /j/) e.g. Thai /tʰai/ -> P.A. /txai/, Thai /kʰəjan/ - hard-working -> P.A. /cçã/. | |||
*Outside of clusters, Thai /r/ fricativised to /z/ e.g. e.g. Thai /ʔərɔːi/ - tasty -> P.A. /ʔazoi/. | |||
*In a cluster, Thai /r/ became /aɫ/ e.g. Thai /kroːt/ - angry, P.A. /kaɫoːd/. However, before /i/, /ɨ/ and /æ/, it became /ʎ/ instead e.g. Thai - /priau/ - sour -> P.A. /paʎijau/. | |||
*Outside a cluster, Thai /l/ became /ɫ/ e.g. Thai /leːu/ - bad, naughty -> P.A. /ɫeːu/. However, before /i/, /ɨ/ or /æ/, it became /ʎ/ e.g. Thai /kʰiːlɨːm/ - forgetful -> P.A. /cçiːʎuːmu/ - absent-minded. | |||
*In a cluster, Thai /l/ became /eɫ/ normally e.g. Thai /pluːk/ - to plant -> P.A. /peluːg/. However, it became /eʎ/ before /i/ and /æ/ e.g. Thai - /plianplæːŋ/ - to change -> P.A. /peʎijãpeʎãː/. | |||
*In a cluster, Thai /w/ became /aw/ e.g. Thai /kʰwaːi/ - water buffalo -> P.A. /kxawaːi/. | |||
*/ŋ/ became /g/ before a vowel, and disappeared with nasalisation of the preceding vowel otherwise e.g. Thai /ŋoŋŋuai/ - astonished -> P.A. /gõguwai/. | |||
*While voiceless nasals are no longer a feature of spoken Thai (only being found in the written language), they were revived via spelling pronunciations and became prestopped nasals in Proto-Antarctican e.g. Thai /maːk/ - betel nut -> P.A. /pmaːg/. | |||
*Thai /h/ became /x/. | |||