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Attian: Difference between revisions
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The Attian language is an active-stative language with fluid subjects, dependent upon semantic volition or control. This means that it marks the object of a transitive verb and the subject of a intransitive verb the same - with the '''patientive''' case - and mark the agent of the transitive separately, with the '''agentive''' case. The fluid subtype however, declares that the subject of an intransive verb, may be marked like the agent of the transitive, if the subject has sufficient control over the action. | The Attian language is an active-stative language with fluid subjects, dependent upon semantic volition or control. This means that it marks the object of a transitive verb and the subject of a intransitive verb the same - with the '''patientive''' case - and mark the agent of the transitive separately, with the '''agentive''' case. The fluid subtype however, declares that the subject of an intransive verb, may be marked like the agent of the transitive, if the subject has sufficient control over the action. | ||
=====Patientive===== | |||
The '''patientive''', or '''undergoing''' case, ({{sc|pat}}) is the case used to indicate both the subject of an intransitive verb and the object of a transitive verb, in addition to being used for the citation form of nouns. | The '''patientive''', or '''undergoing''' case, ({{sc|pat}}) is the case used to indicate both the subject of an intransitive verb and the object of a transitive verb, in addition to being used for the citation form of nouns. | ||
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! | ! | ||
| colspan="6"|''' | | colspan="6"|'''eta anth{{red|va}} atn{{blue|a}} mina''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- Pronunciation--> | <!-- Pronunciation--> | ||
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! | ! | ||
| colspan="6"|/ | | colspan="6"|/ɛtˈa anˈθwa atˈna ˈŋina/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- Morphemes--> | <!-- Morphemes--> | ||
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! | ! | ||
|<small> | |<small>eta</small> | ||
|<small> | |<small>anth</small> | ||
|<small>{{red|-va}}</small> | |<small>{{red|-va}}</small> | ||
|<small>atn</small> | |<small>atn</small> | ||
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! | ! | ||
|{{sc|prox}} | |this/{{sc|prox.sg.m}} | ||
|man/{{sc|m.sg.}} | |man/{{sc|m.sg.}} | ||
| -{{sc|m.{{red|agt}}}} | | -{{sc|m.{{red|agt}}}} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
<!-- Translations --> | <!-- Translations --> | ||
| colspan="2"| | | colspan="2"| ''I trip'' | ||
! | ! | ||
| colspan="4"| | | colspan="4"| ''You trip me'' | ||
! | ! | ||
| colspan="6"| | | colspan="6"|''This man sees a dog'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
<!-- Translations --> | <!-- Translations --> | ||
| colspan="2"| | | colspan="2"|''I speak of myself'' or ''I am being spoken of | ||
! | ! | ||
| colspan="3"| | | colspan="3"|''I am being spoken of'' | ||
! | ! | ||
| colspan="4"| | | colspan="4"|''The cat is eating itself'' | ||
! | ! | ||
| colspan="4"| | | colspan="4"|''The cat is being eaten'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
=====Agentative===== | |||
[[Image:Control-argument-at.png|right|thumb|A table of the Attian control and volition distinction in the core arguments, illustrating the two-way distinction in the subject of intransitive clauses.|240px]] | [[Image:Control-argument-at.png|right|thumb|A table of the Attian control and volition distinction in the core arguments, illustrating the two-way distinction in the subject of intransitive clauses.|240px]] | ||
The '''agentative''' ({{sc|agt}}) case is used to mark the subject, or agent, of transitive verbs. However, intertwined with the Attian language's distinction on control and volition, there is a slight intentional distinction on intransitives, marking high control intransitives through the agentative argument. Confer the difference betweem the [[w:English language|English]] intransitives "He tripped" and "He talked". In Attian, the former argument would be marked with the patientative case, since he is undergoing the verb, and the latter would be marked with the agentative, since he is in full control of his actions and the agent of the verb. | The '''agentative''' ({{sc|agt}}) case is used to mark the subject, or agent, of transitive verbs. However, intertwined with the Attian language's distinction on control and volition, there is a slight intentional distinction on intransitives, marking high control intransitives through the agentative argument. Confer the difference betweem the [[w:English language|English]] intransitives "He tripped" and "He talked". In Attian, the former argument would be marked with the patientative case, since he is undergoing the verb, and the latter would be marked with the agentative, since he is in full control of his actions and the agent of the verb. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
<!-- Pronunciation--> | <!-- Pronunciation--> | ||
| colspan="2"| / | | colspan="2"| /ˈhiŋ͡møŋ͡m/ | ||
! | ! | ||
| colspan="3"|/aŋ͡mˈa | | colspan="3"|/aŋ͡mˈa ˈhiŋ͡mø/ | ||
! | ! | ||
| colspan="2"|/ | | colspan="2"|/ˈhaŋ͡møŋ͡m/ | ||
! | ! | ||
| colspan="3"|/ | | colspan="3"|/aŋ͡mˈa haŋ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- Morphemes--> | <!-- Morphemes--> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
<!-- Translations --> | <!-- Translations --> | ||
| colspan="2"| | | colspan="2"|''You are breathing.'' <br/><small>(involuntarily, subconciously)</small> | ||
! | ! | ||
| colspan="3"| | | colspan="3"|''You are breathing.''<br/><small>(intentionally, "breathing heavily")</small> | ||
! | ! | ||
| colspan="2"| | | colspan="2"|''Breathe!'' <br/><small>(as in "to start breathing")</small> | ||
! | ! | ||
| colspan="3"| | | colspan="3"|''Breathe!''<br/><small>(as in "calm down")</small> | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
<!-- Translations --> | <!-- Translations --> | ||
| colspan="2"| | | colspan="2"|''You cook (something)'' | ||
! | ! | ||
| colspan="5"| | | colspan="5"|''You are cooking a squirrel'' | ||
! | ! | ||
| colspan="4"| | | colspan="4"|''The bird flies'' | ||
|} | |} | ||