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====Grammatical case==== | ====Grammatical case==== | ||
{| class="wikitable | {| class=""wikitable | ||
|- | |- | ||
| • Nominative | | • Nominative | ||
|- | |- | ||
|The nominative case marks both the subject of an intransitive verb phrase and the agent of a transitive verb phrase. It is morphologically unmarked, recognized as a null-morpheme (written as ∅; glossed: {{sc|nom}}). The nominative singular form, being the least marked possible, is the citation form of a noun. | | The nominative case marks both the subject of an intransitive verb phrase and the agent of a transitive verb phrase. It is morphologically unmarked, recognized as a null-morpheme (written as ∅; glossed: {{sc|nom}}). The nominative singular form, being the least marked possible, is the citation form of a noun. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| • Accusative | | • Accusative | ||
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| • Genitive | | • Genitive | ||
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| The genitive case conveys the following meanings: origin (procedence, ablative and partitive genitive), posession (possessive genitive), topicality (“x-gen” → “about x”), [...]. | |The genitive case conveys the following meanings: origin (procedence, ablative and partitive genitive), posession (possessive genitive), topicality (“x-gen” → “about x”), [...]. | ||
It is morphologically marked by the preposition ó (glossed GEN.I), which presents an excrecent r before a vowel, and the suffix -(e)n (glossed GEN.II); e.g. ór okren /ˈʔu̹ɾ ʔo̞.kɾe̞n/. The preposition ó triggers a first degree mutation in the following onset (see Onset mutations above). | :It is morphologically marked by the preposition ó (glossed GEN.I), which presents an excrecent r before a vowel, and the suffix -(e)n (glossed GEN.II); e.g. ór okren /ˈʔu̹ɾ ʔo̞.kɾe̞n/. The preposition ó triggers a first degree mutation in the following onset (see Onset mutations above). | ||
Some older genitive compounds, however, do not display the onset mutation of the second element (which follows the genitive preposition). For instance, the word ''hissóhéuren'' /ˈhi.sːu̹.hɘ.ju.ɾe̞n/ should be rendered as **''hissókéuren'' /ˈhi.sːu̹.kɘ.ju.ɾe̞n/ (i.e. "hiddenly worm", crysalis). This is part of the ''Discrepance on onset mutations'' controversy. | :Some older genitive compounds, however, do not display the onset mutation of the second element (which follows the genitive preposition). For instance, the word ''hissóhéuren'' /ˈhi.sːu̹.hɘ.ju.ɾe̞n/ should be rendered as **''hissókéuren'' /ˈhi.sːu̹.kɘ.ju.ɾe̞n/ (i.e. "hiddenly worm", crysalis). This is part of the ''Discrepance on onset mutations'' controversy. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| • Dative | | • Dative |
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