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Seggeynni: Difference between revisions
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Spirant Mutation Done
(Spirant Mutation Done) |
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As in Thangha', the length of the vowel is more important than the quality in contrasting /iː/ and /uː/ vs. /e/ and /o/. Secondary articulation on surrounding consonants "pulls" the vowels around a fair bit. | As in Thangha', the length of the vowel is more important than the quality in contrasting /iː/ and /uː/ vs. /e/ and /o/. Secondary articulation on surrounding consonants "pulls" the vowels around a fair bit. | ||
In unstressed syllables, the language has a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_vowel_system Vertical Vowel System], only contrasting /a/ and /ə/ (however other vowels such as [i], [e], [o] and [u] are heard as allophones of /ə/, depending on the | In unstressed syllables, the language has a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_vowel_system Vertical Vowel System], only contrasting /a/ and /ə/ (however other vowels such as [i], [e], [o] and [u] are heard as allophones of /ə/, depending on the surrounding consonants). | ||
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| Flap / Trill || ⱱ ~ ʀʷ || ⱱʲ || || || ɾʲ || ɽ || || || (ʀ) || || || | | Flap / Trill || ⱱ ~ ʀʷ || ⱱʲ || || || ɾʲ || ɽ || || || (ʀ) || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Lateral || || || || || || || ʎ || || ɫ || (ʎʷ) || ɫʷ | | Lateral || || || || || || || ʎ || || ɫ || (ʎʷ) || ɫʷ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Semivowel || || || || || || || j || || || ɥ || w || | | Semivowel || || || || || || || j || || || ɥ || w || | ||
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===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
Underylingly, the only syllables permitted are CV and CCV. The latter is rare, and only a few consonant clusters are permitted, namely /pf/, /tf/, /sf/, /kf/, /pχ/, /sχ/, /kχ/ and / | Underylingly, the only syllables permitted are CV and CCV. The latter is rare, and only a few consonant clusters are permitted, namely /pf/, /tf/, /sf/, /kf/, /pχ/, /sχ/, /kχ/, /pç/ and /kç/. | ||
Speakers who are shifting /ç/ to /ɬ/ are especially prone to do so in clusters. In this case, they shift /kç/ to a lateral affricate /tɬ/. | |||
/kχ/ is much more commonly heard as [q]. | |||
/kf/ is sometimes heard as [qʷ]. | |||
There used to be a cluster */tχ/, but it has now shifted to /tθ/. | |||
===Spirant Mutation=== | |||
Seggeynni has a rule that only one "spirant" consonant can occur in a phonological word. If a process such as cliticisation would cause a violation of this rule, then every spirant consonant except the last undergoes mutation, via the following patterns: | |||
/f/ -> /w/ | |||
/fʲ/ -> /ɥ/ | |||
/pf/ -> /p/ | |||
Other clusters of Consonant + /f/ -> Labialised versions of the initial consonant, with the /f/ deleted e.g. /sf/ -> /sʷ/, /kf/ -> /kʷ/ etc. | |||
/tθ/ -> /t/ | |||
/ʈʂ/ -> /tɕ/ | |||
/ʂ/ -> /ɕ/ | |||
/ç/ -> /j/ | |||
/χ/ -> /ʔ/ | |||
===Stress=== | ===Stress=== | ||
The situation here is identical to Kämpya. One syllable in each word bears stress. Vowel phonation is phonemic on stressed syllables but not elsewhere. The phonations are tense /a̰/, breathy /a̤/ or /ä/, and glottalised /aʔ/. Glottalised vowels are pronounced with gemination (and glottalisation where possible) of the following consonant (or with a glottal stop [ʔ] in the case of word final syllables). For example, the first syllable of "Seggeynni" has stress with glottalised phonation, meaning that the subsequent /k/ is pronounced as an implosive /ɠː/. | The situation here is identical to Kämpya. One syllable in each word bears stress, the location of which is unpredictable. Vowel phonation is phonemic on stressed syllables but not elsewhere. The phonations are tense /a̰/, breathy /a̤/ or /ä/, and glottalised /aʔ/. Glottalised vowels are pronounced with gemination (and glottalisation where possible) of the following consonant (or with a glottal stop [ʔ] in the case of word final syllables). For example, the first syllable of "Seggeynni" has stress with glottalised phonation, meaning that the subsequent /k/ is pronounced as an implosive /ɠː/. | ||
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The pronunciation of short vowels with breathy phonation varies depending on a variety of factors. At the end of words, they are normally pronounced with a final /ɦ/, or occasionally [z] or [ɹ]. If the vowel precedes an obstruent (stop, affricate or fricative), then a voiceless fricative is inserted, that is homorganic with the obstruent e.g. /sə́ˈçə̤̀tà/ - "sister" is most often pronounced [síˈçè̤stà]. However this is in free variation with preaspiration, so the word for sister can also be pronounced as [ | The pronunciation of short vowels with breathy phonation varies depending on a variety of factors. At the end of words, they are normally pronounced with a final /ɦ/, or occasionally [z] or [ɹ]. If the vowel precedes an obstruent (stop, affricate or fricative), then a voiceless fricative is inserted, that is homorganic with the obstruent e.g. /sə́ˈçə̤̀tà/ - "sister" is most often pronounced [síˈçè̤stà]. However this is in free variation with preaspiration, so the word for sister can also be pronounced as [síˈçè̤ʰtà]. If the vowel precedes a sonorant, then it is pronounced geminated and with breathy voice e.g. /dè̤nə̀/ - "to dance" is usually pronounced [dè̤n̤ːə̀]. | ||