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'''Castithan''' is the language created by [[w:David J. Peterson|David J. Peterson]] for the Castithan race in the world of the [[w:Defiance_(TV_series)|TV series Defiance]]. It is a working language with its own vocabulary, grammar, phonology and writing system and currently it has grown from 1400 or so words<ref>[http://www.dothraki.com/2013/01/akat-dalen-senthi Dothraki.com ''Akat Dalen Senthi!'', Jan. 2, 2013.]</ref> to over 2100 words<ref>[https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/382575141818871808 Twitter @Dedalvs, Sept. 24, 2013.]</ref> over 2013. It stands with [[Irathient]] as one of the two main usable alien languages of Defiance. | '''Castithan''' is the language created by [[w:David J. Peterson|David J. Peterson]] for the Castithan race in the world of the [[w:Defiance_(TV_series)|TV series Defiance]]. It is a working language with its own vocabulary, grammar, phonology and writing system and currently it has grown from 1400 or so words<ref>[http://www.dothraki.com/2013/01/akat-dalen-senthi Dothraki.com ''Akat Dalen Senthi!'', Jan. 2, 2013.]</ref> to over 2100 words<ref>[https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/382575141818871808 Twitter @Dedalvs, Sept. 24, 2013.]</ref> over 2013. It stands with [[Irathient]] as one of the two main usable alien languages of Defiance. | ||
Castithan is a [[w:fusional language|fusional language]] lightly inflectional tending towards [[w:isolating typology|isolating typology]]. The language is predominantly head-final with a strict subject–object–verb order. It can inflect for topicality, object and subject and is mostly [[w:Pro-drop language|pro-drop]]. In combination to these the language uses a set of particles, much like Japanese, which are described below, with verbs being fairly easy to conjugate. Verbs can be either stative or dynamic, an important distinction is made between the two in the language.<ref>[http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/37747912502/what-are-the-major-differences-between-the-defiance Tumblr, Imeimei, Dec. 11, 2012.]</ref> | Castithan is a [[w:fusional language|fusional language]] lightly inflectional tending towards [[w:isolating typology|isolating typology]]. The language is predominantly [[w:head-final|head-final]] with a strict subject–object–verb order. It can inflect for topicality, object and subject and is mostly [[w:Pro-drop language|pro-drop]]. In combination to these the language uses a set of particles, much like Japanese, which are described below, with verbs being fairly easy to conjugate. Verbs can be either stative or dynamic, an important distinction is made between the two in the language.<ref>[http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/37747912502/what-are-the-major-differences-between-the-defiance Tumblr, Imeimei, Dec. 11, 2012.]</ref> | ||
=Basic Sentence Structure= | |||
==Word Order: head final== | |||
The word order in Castithan is strictly head-final often represented as subject–object–verb or SOV. This means that, unlike English, the head of the sentence will go last. Compare this sentence and its English translation: | |||
:'''Noraka do deta''' | |||
:{{sc|2nd}}.{{sc|pers}} {{sc|obj}} love | |||
:''I love you'' | |||
If you had to explicitly mark the subject you would do it by means of another particle different than ''do''. Hence: | |||
:'''Nevitsa re noraka do deta''' | |||
:{{sc|1st}}.{{sc|pers}} {{sc|subj}} {{sc|2nd}}.{{sc|pers}} {{sc|obj}} love | |||
:''I love you'' | |||
However you can change the word order for emphasis such as in the sentence «You, I love». In the case of Castithan the new emphasized word would have to go with the topic marking particle ''ksa'': | |||
:'''Pawa ksa zwasitsa re zwasa''' | |||
:pow-{{sc|dir}} {{sc|top}} cook-{{sc|dir}} {{sc|subj}} cook-{{sc|pres}} | |||
:''The cook is heating the pow'' | |||
Note that particles and inflection will change meanings depending on whether the verb is stative or dynamic<ref name="Stative/Dynamic">[http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/69828050015/i-know-you-must-have-tons-of-stuff-in-your-ask-box Tumblr, Imeimei, Dec. 12, 2013]</ref>. This will be discussed below. | |||
=References= | =References= | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||