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Northeadish: Difference between revisions
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===Definite Article (‘the’)=== | ===Definite Article (‘the’)=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! !! Nom. !! Gen. !! Dat. !! Acc. | |||
|- | |||
| masc. || þa, þɴ<sup>i</sup> || þas || þᴍ || þɴ | |||
|- | |||
| neu. || þet || þas || þᴍ || þet | |||
|- | |||
| fem. || þa, þɴ<sup>i</sup> || þer || þer || þa, þɴ<sup>i</sup> | |||
|- | |||
| pl. || þa, þɴ<sup>i</sup> || þer || þᴍ || þa, þɴ<sup>i</sup> | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
===Indefinite Article (‘a, an, one’)=== | <sup>i</sup> When the following word begins with a vowel, the masculine, feminine, and plural nominative article and the feminine and plural accusative article change from ''þa'' to ''þɴ'' (much in the same way English ''a'' changes to ''an''.) | ||
===Indefinite Article (‘a’, ‘an’, ‘one’)=== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! !! Nom. !! Gen. !! Dat. !! Acc. | |||
|- | |||
| masc. || ēn || ēnas || ēnᴍ || ēnɴ | |||
|- | |||
| neu. || ent || ēnas || ēnᴍ || ent | |||
|- | |||
| fem. || ēna || ēnðʀ|| ēnðʀ|| ēna | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
===Possessives & other Determiners (‘my’, ‘this’, ‘which’, &c)=== | |||
Possessives, demonstratives, and other determiners decline like ''ēn'', but also have a plural. (''Ēn'' does have a plural which is used in very specific circumstances, but in those cases it is not considered a determiner.) All determiners in Northeadish end in ‹n›, ‹r›, ‹ʀ›, ‹s›, or ‹t›. Each will have a slightly different declension depending on this final letter. | |||
All determiners which end in ‹n› follow the first paradigm, which is like ''ēn''. (Note that, as with the indefinite article, the stressed vowel is shortened for the neuter singular nominative and accusative. This is common to all determiner paradigms, because the phonology of Northeadish does not allow a long vowel in a “heavy” syllable, i.e. when a long vowel is followed by more than one consonant.) | |||
Unique to these determiners in ‹n› is the declension of the feminine genitive and dative and the plural genitive, where ‹ð› is inserted before the ending to break up the illegal ‹nr› combination that would otherwise result (see Phonology: Insertion of [ð]). Included in this first category are ''mīn'' ‘my’, ''þīn'' ‘thy, your’, ''ſīn'' ‘his, her, its’, ''ēn'' ‘a, an, one’, and ''iēn'' ‘yon, yonder’. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! !! Nom. !! Gen. !! Dat. !! Acc. | |||
|- | |||
| masc. || mīn || mīnas || mīnᴍ || mīnɴ | |||
|- | |||
| neu. || ment || mīnas || mīnᴍ || ment | |||
|- | |||
| fem. || mīna || mīnðʀ || mīnðʀ || mīna | |||
|- | |||
| pl. || mīna || mīnðʀ || mīnᴍ || mīna | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
Those determiners ending in ‹r›, including ''her'' ‘her’, ''hīr'' ‘their’, ''iȳr'' ‘your’, and ''ƕīr'' ‘whose’ decline as follows. (''Her'' does not have a long vowel, so the neuter singular is not shortened.) The main distinction with this and the next group is that those declensions in ‹ʀ› (feminine genitive and dative and plural genitive) are deleted because of the phonology of the language (See Phonology: Assimilation of [ɾ].) | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! !! Nom. !! Gen. !! Dat. !! Acc. | |||
|- | |||
| masc. || iȳr || iȳras || iȳrᴍ || iȳrɴ | |||
|- | |||
| neu. || iᵫrt || iȳras || iȳrᴍ || iᵫrt | |||
|- | |||
| fem. || iȳra || iȳr || iȳr || iȳra | |||
|- | |||
| pl. || iȳra || iȳr|| iȳrᴍ || iȳra | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
Similar to those determiners in ‹r› are those in ‹ʀ›; the main difference between them is that the syllabic becomes non-syllabic is all but a few of the declensions. This group includes the first and second person dual and plural possessives ''iᵫŋcʀ'' ‘your’, ''ɴſʀ'' ‘our’, and ''xcʀ'' ‘our’. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! !! Nom. !! Gen. !! Dat. !! Acc. | |||
|- | |||
| masc. || xcʀ || xcras || xcrᴍ || xcrɴ | |||
|- | |||
| neu. || xcʀt || xcras || xcrᴍ || xcʀt | |||
|- | |||
| fem. || xcra || xcʀ || xcʀ || xcra | |||
|- | |||
| pl. || xcra || xcʀ|| xcrᴍ || xcra | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
Finally the last two groups are those determiners in ‹s› (''hes'' ‘his, its’, ''ƕes'' ‘whose’, ''nes'' ‘noöne’s’, ''qes'' ‘whose’, and ''þes'' ‘their’) and those in ‹t› (''hat'' ‘this’, ''ƕat'' ‘what’, ''ƕet'' ‘which’, ''iat'' ‘that, yonder’, ''nat'' ‘no, none’, ''qat'' ‘which’, ''qet'' ‘which’, and ''þat'' ‘that’). The only difference between the two is the neuter singular, which takes a schwa after a ‹t›, but not after ‹s›. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! !! Nom. !! Gen. !! Dat. !! Acc. | |||
|- | |||
| masc. || hes || heſas || heſᴍ || heſɴ | |||
|- | |||
| neu. || heſt || heſas || heſᴍ || heſt | |||
|- | |||
| fem. || heſa || heſʀ || heſʀ || heſa | |||
|- | |||
| pl. || heſa || heſʀ || heſᴍ || heſa | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! !! Nom. !! Gen. !! Dat. !! Acc. | |||
|- | |||
| masc. || hat || hatas || hatᴍ || hatɴ | |||
|- | |||
| neu. || hatat || hatas || hatᴍ || hatat | |||
|- | |||
| fem. || hata || hatʀ || hatʀ || hata | |||
|- | |||
| pl. || hata || hatʀ || hatᴍ || hata | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||