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Valthungian: Difference between revisions
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→Strong a-stem (masculine)
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|colspan=9 width=900|'''Type I: Default (“n.st.m.a”)''' | |colspan=9 width=900|'''Type I: Default (“n.st.m.a”)''' | ||
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|align="center"| slǣp'''az''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''is''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''ai''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''ą''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''ōz''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''ǫ̂''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''amaz''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''anz''' ||rowspan=4| ‘''sleep''’ | |align="center"| slǣp'''az''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''is''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''ai''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''ą''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''ōz''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''ǫ̂''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''amaz''' ||align="center"| slǣp'''anz''' ||rowspan=4 valign="top"| ‘''sleep''’ | ||
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|align="center"| slēp'''s''' ||align="center"| slēp'''is''' ||align="center"| slēp'''a''' ||align="center"| slēp ||align="center"| slēp'''ōs''' ||align="center"| slēp'''ē''' ||align="center"| slēp'''am''' ||align="center"| slēp'''ans''' | |align="center"| slēp'''s''' ||align="center"| slēp'''is''' ||align="center"| slēp'''a''' ||align="center"| slēp ||align="center"| slēp'''ōs''' ||align="center"| slēp'''ē''' ||align="center"| slēp'''am''' ||align="center"| slēp'''ans''' | ||
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|colspan=9 width=900|'''Type II: Syllabic (“n.st.m.a.syl”)''' | |colspan=9 width=900|'''Type II: Syllabic (“n.st.m.a.syl”)''' | ||
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|align="center"| ak'''raz''' ||align="center"| ak'''ris''' ||align="center"| ak'''rai''' ||align="center"| ak'''rą''' ||align="center"| ak'''rōz''' ||align="center"| ak'''rǫ̂''' ||align="center"| ak'''ramaz''' ||align="center"| ak'''ranz''' ||rowspan=4| ‘''field''’ | |align="center"| ak'''raz''' ||align="center"| ak'''ris''' ||align="center"| ak'''rai''' ||align="center"| ak'''rą''' ||align="center"| ak'''rōz''' ||align="center"| ak'''rǫ̂''' ||align="center"| ak'''ramaz''' ||align="center"| ak'''ranz''' ||rowspan=4 valign="top"| ‘''field''’ | ||
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|align="center"| ak'''rs''' ||align="center"| ak'''ris''' ||align="center"| ak'''ra''' ||align="center"| ak'''r''' ||align="center"| ak'''rōs''' ||align="center"| ak'''rē''' ||align="center"| ak'''ram''' ||align="center"| ak'''rans''' | |align="center"| ak'''rs''' ||align="center"| ak'''ris''' ||align="center"| ak'''ra''' ||align="center"| ak'''r''' ||align="center"| ak'''rōs''' ||align="center"| ak'''rē''' ||align="center"| ak'''ram''' ||align="center"| ak'''rans''' | ||
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|colspan=9 width=900|'''Type IIIa: Voicing/Spirantization Merging (“n.st.m.ba”)''' | |colspan=9 width=900|'''Type IIIa: Voicing/Spirantization Merging (“n.st.m.ba”)''' | ||
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|align="center"| hlai'''baz''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bis''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bai''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bą''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bōz''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bǫ̂''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bamaz''' ||align="center"| hlai'''banz''' ||rowspan=4| ‘''bread''’ | |align="center"| hlai'''baz''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bis''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bai''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bą''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bōz''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bǫ̂''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bamaz''' ||align="center"| hlai'''banz''' ||rowspan=4 valign="top"| ‘''bread''’ | ||
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|align="center"| hlai''' | |align="center"| hlai'''<span style="color:red">f</span>s''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bis''' ||align="center"| hlai'''ba''' ||align="center"| hlai'''<span style="color:red">f</span>''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bōs''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bē''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bam''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bans''' | ||
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|align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:red">f</span>s''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>is''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>a''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:red">f</span>''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>as''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>a''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>ma''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>nas''' | |align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:red">f</span>s''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>is''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>a''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:red">f</span>''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>as''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>a''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>ma''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>nas''' | ||
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|colspan=8| <small>For roots ending in ‹b›, it is devoiced to ‹f› in the nominative and accusative singular (at a time before Gothic), indicated in red. ‹b› is spirantized (that is, becomes ‹v›) in the rest of the endings, indicated in blue. (This was the case in Gothic as well, though the spirantization was not indicated in writing.) In the case of those roots ending in ‹f›, the ‹f› is voiced to ‹v› in the same environment that ‹b› is spirantized, so as far as Gutish is concerned, these two paradigms are identical.</small> | |colspan=8| <small>For roots ending in ‹b›, it is devoiced to ‹f› in the nominative and accusative singular (at a time before Gothic), indicated in red. ‹b› is spirantized (that is, becomes ‹v›) in the rest of the endings, indicated in blue. (This was the case in Gothic as well, though the spirantization was not indicated in writing.) In the case of those roots ending in ‹f›, the ‹f› is voiced to ‹v› in the same environment that ‹b› is spirantized, so as far as Gutish is concerned, these two paradigms are identical.</small> | ||
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|align="center"| au'''daz''' ||align="center"| au'''dis''' ||align="center"| au'''dai''' ||align="center"| au'''dą''' ||align="center"| au'''dōz''' ||align="center"| au'''dǫ̂''' ||align="center"| au'''damaz''' ||align="center"| au'''danz''' ||rowspan=4| ‘''fortune''’ | |align="center"| au'''daz''' ||align="center"| au'''dis''' ||align="center"| au'''dai''' ||align="center"| au'''dą''' ||align="center"| au'''dōz''' ||align="center"| au'''dǫ̂''' ||align="center"| au'''damaz''' ||align="center"| au'''danz''' ||rowspan=4 valign="top"| ‘''fortune''’ | ||
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|align="center"| au''' | |align="center"| au'''<span style="color:red">þ</span>s''' ||align="center"| au'''dis''' ||align="center"| au'''da''' ||align="center"| au'''<span style="color:red">þ</span>''' ||align="center"| au'''dōs''' ||align="center"| au'''dē''' ||align="center"| au'''dam''' ||align="center"| au'''dans''' | ||
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|align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:red">þ</span>s''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>is''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>a''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:red">þ</span>''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>as''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>a''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>ma''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>nas''' | |align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:red">þ</span>s''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>is''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>a''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:red">þ</span>''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>as''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>a''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>ma''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>nas''' | ||
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|colspan=9 width=900|'''Type IVa: Post-Approximant Spirantization (“n.st.m.rba”)''' | |colspan=9 width=900|'''Type IVa: Post-Approximant Spirantization (“n.st.m.rba”)''' | ||
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|align="center"| hwer'''baz''' ||align="center"| hwer'''bis''' ||align="center"| hwer'''bai''' ||align="center"| hwer'''bą''' ||align="center"| hwer'''bōz''' ||align="center"| hwer'''bǫ̂''' ||align="center"| hwer'''bamaz''' ||align="center"| hwer'''banz''' ||rowspan=4| ‘''planet''’ | |align="center"| hwer'''baz''' ||align="center"| hwer'''bis''' ||align="center"| hwer'''bai''' ||align="center"| hwer'''bą''' ||align="center"| hwer'''bōz''' ||align="center"| hwer'''bǫ̂''' ||align="center"| hwer'''bamaz''' ||align="center"| hwer'''banz''' ||rowspan=4 valign="top"| ‘''planet''’ | ||
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|align="center"| ƕair'''bs''' ||align="center"| ƕair'''bis''' ||align="center"| ƕair'''ba''' ||align="center"| ƕair'''b''' ||align="center"| ƕair'''bōs''' ||align="center"| ƕair'''bē''' ||align="center"| ƕair'''bam''' ||align="center"| ƕair'''bans''' | |align="center"| ƕair'''bs''' ||align="center"| ƕair'''bis''' ||align="center"| ƕair'''ba''' ||align="center"| ƕair'''b''' ||align="center"| ƕair'''bōs''' ||align="center"| ƕair'''bē''' ||align="center"| ƕair'''bam''' ||align="center"| ƕair'''bans''' | ||
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|colspan=8| <small>Like the above, this deals with nouns ending in ‹b›, which spirantizes to ‹v› in most declensions, but it is prevented from devoicing to ‹f› in the nominative and accusative by a consonant before it. This is a rule inhereited from Gothic. Metathesis in the dative and accusative plural is also blocked. This occurs for stems ending in ‹rb›, ‹rd›, ‹lb›, and ‹ld›.</small> | |colspan=8| <small>Like the above, this deals with nouns ending in ‹b›, which spirantizes to ‹v› in most declensions, but it is prevented from devoicing to ‹f› in the nominative and accusative by a consonant before it. This is a rule inhereited from Gothic. Metathesis in the dative and accusative plural is also blocked. This occurs for stems ending in ‹rb›, ‹rd›, ‹lb›, and ‹ld›.</small> | ||
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|align="center"| bar'''daz''' ||align="center"| bar'''dis''' ||align="center"| bar'''dai''' ||align="center"| bar'''dą''' ||align="center"| bar'''dōz''' ||align="center"| bar'''dǫ̂''' ||align="center"| bar'''damaz''' ||align="center"| bar'''danz''' ||rowspan=4| ‘''beard''’ | |align="center"| bar'''daz''' ||align="center"| bar'''dis''' ||align="center"| bar'''dai''' ||align="center"| bar'''dą''' ||align="center"| bar'''dōz''' ||align="center"| bar'''dǫ̂''' ||align="center"| bar'''damaz''' ||align="center"| bar'''danz''' ||rowspan=4 valign="top"| ‘''beard''’ | ||
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|align="center"| bar'''ds''' ||align="center"| bar'''dis''' ||align="center"| bar'''da''' ||align="center"| bar'''d''' ||align="center"| bar'''dōs''' ||align="center"| bar'''dē''' ||align="center"| bar'''dam''' ||align="center"| bar'''dans''' | |align="center"| bar'''ds''' ||align="center"| bar'''dis''' ||align="center"| bar'''da''' ||align="center"| bar'''d''' ||align="center"| bar'''dōs''' ||align="center"| bar'''dē''' ||align="center"| bar'''dam''' ||align="center"| bar'''dans''' | ||
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|colspan=9 width=900|'''Type Va: Post-Approximant Inter-Sonorant Voicing (“n.st.m.rfa”)''' | |colspan=9 width=900|'''Type Va: Post-Approximant Inter-Sonorant Voicing (“n.st.m.rfa”)''' | ||
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|align="center"| wul'''faz''' ||align="center"| wul'''fis''' ||align="center"| wul'''fai''' ||align="center"| wul'''fą''' ||align="center"| wul'''fōz''' ||align="center"| wul'''fǫ̂''' ||align="center"| wul'''famaz''' ||align="center"| wul'''fanz''' ||rowspan=4| ‘''wolf''’ | |align="center"| wul'''faz''' ||align="center"| wul'''fis''' ||align="center"| wul'''fai''' ||align="center"| wul'''fą''' ||align="center"| wul'''fōz''' ||align="center"| wul'''fǫ̂''' ||align="center"| wul'''famaz''' ||align="center"| wul'''fanz''' ||rowspan=4 valign="top"| ‘''wolf''’ | ||
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|align="center"| wul'''fs''' ||align="center"| wul'''fis''' ||align="center"| wul'''fa''' ||align="center"| wul'''f''' ||align="center"| wul'''fōs''' ||align="center"| wul'''fē''' ||align="center"| wul'''fam''' ||align="center"| wul'''fans''' | |align="center"| wul'''fs''' ||align="center"| wul'''fis''' ||align="center"| wul'''fa''' ||align="center"| wul'''f''' ||align="center"| wul'''fōs''' ||align="center"| wul'''fē''' ||align="center"| wul'''fam''' ||align="center"| wul'''fans''' | ||